Lesson 69 But not murder!

·单词

murder n.    谋杀

instruct v.    命令，指示

    ·instruct sb to do sth.    命令某人去做某事

    ·instruction n.    指导，说明

        ·follow the instruction    遵循指示：按照给定的指示或规定进行操作

acquire v.    取得，获得

confidence n.    信心

examiner n.    主考人

    ·examine v.    检查，调查；考核，测验

    ·interview v.    面试，

    ·-er    施动的人或事物，如面试官，主考人

        ·interviewer    面试官

        ·examiner    主考人

    ·-ee    表示受动者，被面试者，应试人

        ·interviewee    接受面试者

        ·examinee    应试人

suppose v.    假设

    ·Let us suppose that ...    让我们假设 ...

    ·be supposed to do    应该做某事（按照计划应该做某事）

        ·You are supposed to tell me what to do.    你应该告诉我该怎么做

tap v.    轻；n.    水龙头

react v.    反应

break n.    刹车

pedal n.    踏板

mournful adj.    悲哀的

·本课句型

复习被动语态

非谓语动词的变体：having been done

After I had been instructed to drive out of town I began to acquire confidence.

        ·having been done    非谓语动词，表示被动，发生谓语动词的前面

            ·我被指导开出城后，我开始变的有信心

变化过程（不重要）：

After I had been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.

    ·时间状语从句，主语相同，状语从句想要省略，要满足主语相同，而主语被省略，谓语就没有了动词的发出者，就要变成非谓语 doing

After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.

having been done 练习：

____, he still repeated the same mistake.    已经被告诉了很多次，他还是犯相同的错误。

    ·Having been told many times, 后面的半句已经有了主谓了，想再加谓语只能用非谓语动词，而中文 已经 被 告诉了，正好可以用 having been done，表示被动语态且发生在谓语动词之前

____, people will rush to buy new products.    被广告影响之后，人们就会冲去买新产品。

    ·Having been influenced by the advertisements

·课文

    I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully. After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test. The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, 'Just one more thing, Mr. Eames. Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you. As soon as I tap on the window, you must stop within five feet.' I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly. Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react. I suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we were both thrown forward. The examiner looked at me sadly. 'Mr. Eames,' he said, in a mournful voice,' you have just killed that child !'

a driving licence    一个用来驾驶的执照，驾驶证

for the third time    第三次

be being tested    处于正在被测试的状态中

heavy traffic    交通拥堵：指道路上车辆数量很多，行驶速度受到限制的情况

had been asked    过去的之前被要求

After I had been instructed to drive out of town I began to acquire confidence.

    ·instructed to do    被指示做某事：接到命令或指示，要求执行某项任务或行动

    ·drive out of    开出 ...

    ·began to    开始：表示某个动作或过程从过去某个时刻起开始进行

        ·began to acquire confidence    开始获得信心

be pleased with    对 ... 感到满意

must have been    对过去肯定的推测

just one more thing    最后一件事：用于在结束前提出最后一个问题或任务

must stop    必须停下

continue doing = continue to do    继续做：表示持续进行某个动作或活动，不停止或中断

could be heard    能够被听见

It takes somebody sometime to do sth    花费某人时间去做某事

were both thrown    都被扔

in a ... voice    用一种 ... 的声音

·知识拓展

表示被动:

be done    作谓语，被动语态

done    不作谓语，非谓语动词

练习

was thrown/thrown

The bottle____into the sea.

    ·was thrown，句子中没有谓语动词

The bottle____into the sea is found

    ·thrown，句子中已有谓语动词 is found

非谓语动词 表示被动

1.Beaten by a girl, the boy cried.    只能表示 done 被动，没有动作先后顺序

2.Having been beaten by a girl, the boy cried.    having been don，可以表示被动，动作发生在先

3.Being beaten by a girl, the boy cried.    being done，可以表示被动，动作同时发生

非谓语动词 vs. 谓语动词 时间关系?

Having been beaten by a girl, the boy cried.    被女孩打后，男孩过去哭了

Having been beaten by a girl, the boy is crying    被女孩打后，男孩正在哭了

注意：非谓语动词只能表示动作的先后，但无法表示动作的时间，而谓语动词可以表示动作发生的时间