实用英语语法：表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句1

表语从句

位于连系动词后面的从句。

My idea is that you have to face up to the fact.

The question is whether the film is worth seeing.

That’s not what I meant.

同位语从句

位于名词后，对名词进行补充说明的从句，大多数时候由that引导。

She couldn’t face up to the fact that she was no longer young.

I can’t stand the idea that the old have no right to be beautiful.

There is no question that our troops are courageous and selfless.

定语从句

定语是限定或修饰名词或代词的句子成分。

形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、非谓语动词、从句都可以作定语。

单词作定语时通常是前置定语，放在被修饰成分前。短语或从句作定语时，是后置定语。

先行项：定语从句修饰的对象

关系词：关系代词who whom which that whose和关系副词what where why

限制性定语从句：先行项不能缺少的定语

非限制性定语从句：对先行项的补充说明

关系代词引导的定语从句

who whom which that whose

1. who，做宾语时可以省略

先行项为人

I will never forget those who once helped me when I was in trouble.

As soon as possible we must find the boy who lost his way in the forest yesterday.

The gentleman (who) he saved was my uncle.

2. whom，经常可以省略

先行项为人

Please don’t mention that man (whom) I don’t like in front of me.

You are the right person (whom) our company needs.

The film director (whom) you are waiting for has come.

3. which

先行项为物

Over the river there is a bridge which is made of stone.

I have a good idea which occurred to me last night.

This is my new mobile phone (which) my father gave me as the birthday gift.

4. that

指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which

Most of the audience that/who attended the concert were students.

Where is the man (that/who/whom) I came across this morning?

The season that/which comes after autumn is winter.

5 whose，可以是人可以是物

Could you introduce that pretty girl whose name is Mary to me?

He has a friend whose father is a policeman.

Please pass me the dictionary whose cover is red.

= Please pass me the dictionary the cover of which is red.