【TED演讲稿】外太空的美食佳肴

TED演讲者：Phnam Bagley / 福南·巴格利

演讲标题：Gourmet food for the final frontier / 外太空的美食佳肴

内容概要：What does an in-flight meal look like when you're traveling to Mars? Designer Phnam Bagley envisions a future where astronauts have nourishing, flavorful food reminiscent of home -- a giant leap from their current staple of "goop-in-a-bag." Learn more about her team's gourmet creations for galactic travel and how these innovations can improve life here on Earth.

在前往火星的途中，机上餐食会是什么样的呢？设计师福南·巴格利（Phnam Bagley）畅想了这样的未来：宇航员们能吃上营养丰富的可口食物，带着家乡的味道，从“袋装糊糊”的现实情况迈出一大步。来了解一下她的团队为星际旅行创造的美食作品，以及这些创新又会如何改善地球上的生活。

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【1】When we think of space, we may think of the night sky, space suits, science fiction, space stations.

当我们想到太空时, 我们大概会想起夜空、 航天服、科幻小说、

【2】With NASA's Artemis mission, we're going back to the Moon, for the first time in 50 years, and this time, with the first woman on the Moon.

通过美国航空航天局（NASA）的 阿尔忒弥斯计划 我们将在上次登月 50 年后首次重返月球, 这次,会有第一名女性登上月球。

【3】Woo-hoo.

好耶。

【4】You may also have heard that we're planning to send humans to the surface of Mars, and the logistics and rocketry for this long and arduous mission are going to be figured out eventually,

你有可能也听说了 我们计划将人类 送上火星表面, 这趟漫漫长征的运输 和火箭技术问题 最终会被解决,

【5】but shockingly, one of the big problems we don't have a solution for is something that most people don't think about, and that is food.

但令人意外的是, 我们束手无策的一个大问题是 大多数人不会想到的一个问题, 那就是食物。

【6】What are we going to feed the astronauts going to Mars?

前往火星的宇航员们吃什么呢？

【7】It turns out it's incredibly complicated.

事实证明这非常复杂。

【8】Before we go there, I'd like to go over why I am here, talking to you about this.

在我们开始讨论这个问题之前, 我想说明一下我为什么 要在这里与大家讨论这个问题。

【9】I am an industrial designer and an aerospace architect.

我是一名工业设计师, 也是一名航天架构师。

【10】I run a design firm called Nonfiction, and what we do is that we take science fiction and we make it real.

我有一家设计公司,叫做 Nonfiction （意为“非虚构”）, 我们的工作是让科幻小说成真。

【11】It's a real job.

这可是个真实的工作。

【12】Just to give you an idea of the type of work that we do, here are a few examples.

为了让大家了解一下 我们的工作内容, 我来举几个例子。

【13】We take technology and we make it a natural extension of the human body.

我们利用科技,将其变为 人类身体的自然延伸。

【14】We work with prominent neuroscientists and design wearables that help people fall asleep and stay asleep all night.

我们与优秀的神经科学家合作, 设计可穿戴设备,让人可以入睡, 而且能整夜安眠。

【15】We design batteries, low-cost, for rural Africa.

我们设计电池, 低价提供给非洲乡村地区。

【16】We build schools that support neurodiversity and lifelong learning.

我们建造学校, 支持神经多样性和终生学习。

【17】We turn humans into superhumans.

我们要让人类进化成超级人类。

【18】So as you can see, I love working on projects that make the world a better place through design.

你可以看出, 我很喜欢参与这些通过设计 让世界更美好的项目。

【19】But most importantly, I love food.

但最重要的一点是,我爱食物。

【20】I've been told that food is my love language.

有人说食物就是我的 “爱的语言”。

【21】When I like someone, I feed them.

如果我喜欢某人, 我就给他们吃东西。

【22】When I don't like someone ...

如果我不喜欢某人……

【23】well, there's always pizza.

嗯,吃披萨去吧。

【24】So when I found out about this space food competition put together by NASA, the Canadian Space Agency and the Methuselah Foundation,

当我听说了这个由 NASA、 加拿大航天局和玛士撒拉基金会 主办的太空食品挑战赛时,

【25】I knew I had to be part of it.

我知道我肯定得参加。

【26】It's called the Deep Space Food Challenge.

大赛名为“深空食品挑战赛”。

【27】The premise of the challenge is to figure out what and how we're going to feed astronauts on their way to a deep-space mission, like going to Mars.

大赛的目标是解决 宇航员在执行外太空任务, 如前往火星的途中, 给他们吃些什么, 如何为他们提供食物的问题。

【28】So sending living and breathing humans to Mars or a deep-space mission is very tricky, as you can imagine.

把大活人送上火星 或者送去执行外太空任务 如你所见非常棘手。

【29】Going to Mars is going to be extremely dangerous.

前往火星极其危险。

【30】The round trip is going to last two and a half to three years.

往返一次要花 2.5 到 3 年。

【31】The whole time, we're going to be bombarded with life-threatening levels of space radiation and we're going to float in microgravity or stand on the surface of Mars, experiencing one-third of Earth's gravity.

在整个过程中,我们会遭受 严重到威胁生命的太空辐射, 我们会在微重力下飘来飘去 或站在火星表面, 受到的重力只有地球的三分之一。

【32】So it's really uncomfortable to be up there.

待在那儿会很不舒服。

【33】And so all of these conditions, on top of isolation and stress, are going to make it very hard for astronauts to keep their weight and their health at optimal levels.

这些情况再加上与世隔绝和压力, 会让宇航员非常难以 将体重和健康状况 维持在最佳水平。

【34】And one of the main culprits of them losing their weight is actually unappetizing food.

导致宇航员们体重降低的 罪魁祸首之一 其实是倒胃口的食物。

【35】So imagine having to eat things like these for three years straight, right? And looking at the same five people.

想象一下整整三年里 只能吃这种东西,对吧？ 还只能看着同样的五个人。

【36】That's going to be really hard.

太难了。

【37】So what I'd like to go over is what astronauts eat aboard the International Space Station, for example, right now.

我想给大家介绍一下宇航员 到了国际空间站以后吃什么, 就以此刻为例。

【38】So essentially, they have access to ready-to-eat food, or food, or freeze-dried food that you see here, that's rehydrated with water.

他们能吃一些即食食品, 或者如图所示的冻干食品, 再加水复原。

【39】And so it's either goop in a bag, or if you're feeling fancy, you can place that goop in a space tortilla.

所以要么是包装袋里的糊糊, 要么如果你想吃得高端点, 就可以把糊糊 放在太空墨西哥卷饼上。

【40】So tortilla is actually very popular in space, because it satisfies like bread, but doesn't crumble and clog the air-filtration system.

墨西哥卷饼在太空 可是很受欢迎的, 因为它可以带来吃面包的快感, 但又不会产生碎屑, 或者堵上空气过滤系统。

【41】Now, the quality of that tortilla would make your Mexican grandmother roll over in her grave, but it's better than nothing.

虽然卷饼的品质 会让你那墨西哥老祖母的 棺材板都压不住了, 但是聊胜于无。

【42】By the way, the water that rehydrated the freeze-dried food is recycled again and again.

顺带一提,复原冻干食品的水 是反复利用的。

【43】We don't have the luxury to send all the water that we need.

我们没有奢望来 运送我们需要的所有水。

【44】There's no romantic way of saying it - it's filtered gray water and pee.

没什么文雅的说法 这些水就是过滤后的灰水和尿液。

【45】Ew ...

呃……

【46】Every once in a while, astronauts aboard the ISS have access to fresh produce and that comes from resupply rockets.

有些时候, 驻国际空间站的宇航员 能吃上补给火箭捎来的新鲜食品。

【47】This happens because the Earth is only 250 miles from the ... space station.

会出现这样的情况是因为 地球距离空间站只有 250 英里。

【48】And that's not going to be an option for people going to Mars, because that's 300 million miles away, one way.

对于前往火星的人们就不可能了, 因为单程就长达 3 亿英里。

【49】They're not going to send, like, a small rocket with apples and oranges, just for you.

不可能发射一个小火箭, 专程为你送来苹果和橙子。

【50】So going to Mars is going to be very hard.

前往火星会非常困难。

【51】It's like hardcore backpacking in the wild, except the wild is a cramped space surrounded by things that can kill you at any moment.

就像硬核的野外背包旅行, 只是这个野外指的是一个狭小空间, 被随时可能杀死你的东西环绕。

【52】So packing food for Mars is going to require one ton per person per year.

为火星之旅准备的 食物量是每人每年一吨。

【53】So if we have a crew of five, six astronauts, that's a lot of weight.

如果我们有五六人的乘组, 这重量可不小。

【54】And if there's one thing you need to learn about space is that weight is money.

如果关于太空 你必须知道那么一件事, 那会是“重量就是金钱”。

【55】So what my design team came up with is this amazing system called the Space Culinary Lab.

我的设计团队的作品是 这个名为“太空烹饪实验室”的 神奇系统。

【56】By the way, we won the first phase of this competition, and are currently working on prototypes.

顺带提一嘴, 我们在大赛第一阶段获胜, 现正开发原型。

【57】So let's go over the four sections of this machine.

我们来看看这台机器的四个部分。

【58】Step one -- coffee.

第一步 咖啡。

【59】In the morning, it's nice to have a rich, creamy, hot beverage.

早上最好能来一杯 浓郁细腻的热饮。

【60】A nutritious version of this is butter coffee.

一种营养丰富的款式 就是黄油咖啡。

【61】What would it take for astronauts to make space butter coffee?

如果宇航员想做一杯太空黄油咖啡 要干些啥呢？

【62】So one of our team members created this mechanical homogenizer that breaks down coffee granules, hot water, collagen and ghee together and creates this unctuous, satisfying mouthfeel solution that is really nice to drink.

我的一个队友设计了 这款机械搅拌机, 把咖啡颗粒、热水、 胶原蛋白和酥油打在一起, 做成这种油质溶液, 口感上佳, 适宜饮用。

【63】What's nice as well is that it provides you with omega-3 fatty acids that can protect your brain and your heart, as well as reduce inflammation.

另一个好处是它也为你提供了 Omega-3 脂肪酸, 保护你的大脑和心脏, 同时减少炎症。

【64】Step two -- snacks.

第二步 零食。

【65】Microalgae, like spirulina: research in animals has shown that it can also boost your immune system, and help your body from developing cancer.

微藻类,如螺旋藻: 基于动物的研究表明 它们可以增强你的免疫系统, 让你的身体避免患上癌症。

【66】But the problem is algae is gross.

但问题是藻类好恶心。

【67】It smells funny and it doesn't taste that great.

闻起来诡异,也不怎么好吃。

【68】So what we can do is to cultivate a fresh batch aboard the spaceship, dehydrate the microalgae, and then mix it with other ingredients.

所以我们的做法是在宇宙飞船上 培育一批新鲜的藻类, 把微藻脱水, 再混入一些别的成分。

【69】We can mix it with oats, with nuts, with powdered berries, with spices.

我们可以加入燕麦、坚果、 粉质莓果、香料。

【70】We can make them sweet, sour, savory, spicy, whatever your heart desires.

我们可以把它做成甜的、 酸的、咸的、辣的, 随心所欲。

【71】Oh, and as a bonus, growing microalgae absorbs carbon dioxide from the air and produces oxygen.

哦,再附赠一个好处, 养微藻能从空气中吸收二氧化碳, 产生氧气。

【72】In other terms, it's carbon-negative.

换句话说,它是“负碳”的。

【73】So now imagine all of the food systems that we have on the surface of the Earth.

想象一下地球表面 所有的食物系统。

【74】What if producing food actually reversed climate change?

食品生产有没有可能 可以扭转气候变化？

【75】Wouldn't that be cool?

要真这样不是很酷吗？

【76】Step three -- salad.

第三步 沙拉。

【77】When astronauts go on long missions to space, one of the things they look forward to the most when they come back to Earth is the crunch of a salad.

宇航员在太空中长时间执行任务, 等回到地球 最期待的东西之一就是 沙拉的爽脆口感。

【78】So salads were designed to grow with gravity, so now we're asking it to grow without gravity.

沙拉菜得有重力才能生长, 所以我们要让它没有重力也能长。

【79】Well, thankfully, the International Space Station experiments have proven that we can do that with lettuce, with kale and with other greens.

好在国际空间站的实验 证明生菜、羽衣甘蓝和其他蔬菜 是可以做到这一点的。

【80】Let's give our Mars explorers a space garden.

我们来给火星探险家 一个太空花园吧。

【81】It's great to give them some fresh produce to eat once in a while and it's nice for their mental health to look at a garden once in a while.

让他们偶尔能吃上新鲜蔬果很不错, 偶尔欣赏一下花园 对他们的心理健康也是好事。

【82】Last but not least, step four - space barbecue.

最后第四步 太空烤肉。

【83】So a lot of cultures all over the world consider grilled protein a meal centerpiece.

在全球的很多文化中, 都认为烤制的蛋白质 是一顿饭的主菜。

【84】Unfortunately, open fire is frowned upon in space.

不巧的是, 明火在太空行不通。

【85】So we're going to use lasers.

那我们就用激光。

【86】So we're going to take a piece of chicken, for example, and we're going to rehydrate it with a carbohydrate solution.

举个例子,拿一块鸡肉, 用碳水化合溶液把它复原。

【87】And then from there, we're going to design a grill pattern on top of the chicken, using lasers.

然后我们来设计一个 用激光画在鸡肉上的烤印。

【88】And so the heat, carbohydrate and protein combination creates the signature caramelization that makes barbecued meat taste and smell so delicious.

于是热量、碳水化合物 和蛋白质在一起作用 产生了烤肉特有的焦糖化效果, 和烤肉的香味和口味如出一辙。

【89】With the Space Culinary Lab, we can imagine all the combinations of flavors, textures, colors and rituals, even, that can come out of this.

在太空烹饪实验室中, 我们可以想象出各种 口味、口感、颜色的组合, 甚至可以创造出一些新仪式。

【90】What if a Michelin star chef had access to this kind of system and created their own spaceborne dishes?

要是一位米其林星级厨师 可以利用这种系统 创造出他们自己的太空美食,如何？

【91】Like, think astrobisque, floating space-juice caviar, or space whiskey.

比如太空浓汤、 漂浮太空爆汁鱼子酱、 太空威士忌。

【92】What is traditionally called a galley or prep station is now something that looks and feels a lot more like a farm-to-table kitchen, but in space.

如果传统意义上的 机上厨房或操作台 现在转型成了看起来、 体验起来更像太空版本的

【93】What we want to do, really, is to take all of that space innovation and bring it back to other places in space.

我们真正想做的是 把所有这种太空创新 带去宇宙中的其他地方。

【94】We're going to go to the Moon, we're going to go to Mars, and what we really want to do at the end is make space more human.

我们要去月球,我们要去火星, 我们的终极目标是 让太空更人性化。

【95】We want to apply this to all life-support systems up there.

我们想将这个理念 应用于那里所有的生命支持系统。

【96】And bringing all of that technology back to Earth is nothing new, by the way.

再提一句,把这些技术带回地球 不是什么新鲜事。

【97】Like, we've been using a lot of technologies, every day, that were invented in space.

我们日常使用的很多科技 都是在太空中被发明的。

【98】For example, solar cells, prosthetics, water filtration systems, GPS, wireless communication devices, even the lens on your camera phone.

比如太阳能电池、假肢、 水过滤系统、全球定位系统（GPS）、 无线通信设备, 甚至是你手机相机上的镜头。

【99】So, you know, when we think about taking all of that technology that we're developing in space, what we want to do, really, is create regenerative ways to replace nonregenerative agricultural methods that demand too much resources on Earth.

我们在想到把这些 在太空中开发的技术带回来时, 我们真正想做的是 创造出可再生的方式, 替代不可再生的农业模式, 这些模式消耗了地球上太多的资源。

【100】Every day, there's a lot of space innovation that's happening, space that's here to benefit us on Earth.

每天都会出现很多的太空创新, 这些领域会让地球上的我们受益。

【101】So one day, not so far in the future, maybe the way we create food in space will help us open the door to become a sustainable interplanetary species.

有朝一日,在不远的未来, 也许我们在太空中 生产食物的方式可以打开 我们成为更可持续的 跨行星物种的大门。

【102】Thank you.

谢谢。