B787-FMC教程（适用于一切波音机型）下
三.(解决)不连续性
Discontinuities
在输入起飞与降落机场之后，飞控系统还不知道如何把它们连接起来。我们可以输入航点，或者直接将起飞阶段的终点与降落阶段起点连接起来。
After inserting a departure and arrival the flight management system does not yet know how to connect them. We can now insert new waypoints or just connect the end of the departure to the beginning of the arrival directly.
1.按下“LEGS”，可以看见航点的列表。
Press the LEGS page to display the list of waypoints
2.浏览航段页面，注意翻页。
Step through the legs page either by using the STEP button in the lower right or using the NEXT PAGE and PREV PAGE buttons
3.当你看到白色的格子，其上方有NEXT或DISCONTINUITY字样时，你应该意识到现在的航路并不是连续的。这时，选择下一个航点列表中的下一个航点，并将其插入空格一栏中。这成功解决了不连续性。
If you see an empty field with white boxes with the “NEXT” and or “DISCONTINUITY” then you have found a discontinuity in the route which should be closed so that the autopilot can follow the route properly
Go to the next waypoint in the list and select it with the line select key on the left side next to it. This copies the waypoint name into the scratchpad
Insert that waypoint name into the NEXT field to close the gap. This removes the discontinuity.
四 性能初始化
Performance Initialization
接下来我们需要告诉飞行管理系统一些参数，这样它才可以开始计算经过每个航点时的速度、高度、时间等信息。
Next we need to tell the FMS some parameters of the aircraft so that it can start computing the estimated speeds, altitudes, time and fuel burn for each waypoint correctly.
按下INIT REF按键。如果PERF INIT页面没有显示，按下左下角的INDEX并选择列表中的PERF INIT
Push the INIT REF button. If the PERF INIT page is not already displayed then select INDEX in the lower left and select PERF INIT from the list
输入总重量（GR WT）以及零油重量。
Insert the gross weight (GR WT) or zero fuel weight (ZFW).
输入储备燃油质量以及COST INDEX。科普：CI（成本指数）=单位时间成本（TIME COST）/单位油耗成本（FUEL COST）。成本指数是让飞机管理速度，B737机型有效输入是 0 到 500。
Insert the reserve fuel mass (RESERVES) and COST INDEX
输入计划的巡航高度。
Insert your planned cruise altitude (CRZ ALT), we’re using 38000ft in our example
输入巡航重心。（希望评论区有人能科普一下巡航中心的算法，或者相关机型的巡航重心）
Insert the cruise center of gravity (CRZ CG)
按下亮起的EXEC按钮。
The EXEC button should now illuminate, press it to execute these changes
五 推力限制
Thrust Limit
在PERF INIT或者INDEX页面可以找到THRUST LIM。点进去，在跑道长度允许的前提下可以选择减小推力。
From the PERF INIT page select the THRUST LIM button in the lower right corner, or go to the INDEX and select THRUST LIM from there. On this page we have the option to select a reduced takeoff thrust. If runway length permits we can use less than maximum available takeoff thrust to reduce engine wear and noise during takeoff.
可以输入气温预估值以减小推力限制
Insert an assumed temperature to reduce the takeoff thrust limit or
也可以直接选择左侧的TO、TO1、TO2
Select TO, TO 1 or TO 2 on the left side to select that rating for takeoff
在右侧，选择爬升时推力（CLB、CLB1和CLB2），从先到后，选项对应的爬升时推力逐渐减小，上升率也会相应减小。
On the right hand side you arm a climb thrust rating (CLB, CLB 1 or CLB 2) which will activate after the takeoff thrust acceleration height is passed.
六 巡航频道
Navigation Radio Tuning
我们现在已经完成了必需的飞行前FMC设置了。
We’ve not completed the necessary FMC preflight steps. Now we can optionally tune some VORs or ILS frequency for additional guidance during departure.
注意：如果插入手动频率，则会禁止飞行管理系统自动调谐功能。因此，在起飞后，如果不再需要手动选择的导航辅助设备，则应将其移除，以允许自动调谐恢复正常操作。
Note - If you are inserting manual frequencies it prohibits the FMS auto-tuning functionality. So after the departure, if you no longer need your manually selected NAV-aids, you should remove them to allow the auto-tuning to resume normal operation.
按下NAV RAD按键，将巡航频率在NAV RADIO页面输入。左下角/右下角的PRESELECT空格是你储存待会儿要输入的频率的地方。
Press the NAV RAD button to display the NAV RADIO page
You can save a frequency for later by typing it into the scratchpad and selecting the PRESELCT left or right fields.
七 VNAV（垂直导航）
Vertical Navigation
飞行过程中，可以通过VNAV页改变既定的巡航高度。按下VNAV进入该页面，输入新的巡航高度并插入CRZ ALT一栏中。
还可以在这一页面改变速度限制。如，输入“250/10000”从而允许飞机在一万英尺以下以低于250节的速度飞行。
你还可以删除速度限制：按下DELETE，再选择SPD RESTR，这样可以删除一切已有的速度限制。
你还可以编辑过渡高度以及过渡空层。（up理解的是平流层和对流层之间的过渡层。）
Press the VNAV button to access the VNAV pages.
Use NEXT and PREV PAGE buttons to step through the VNAV pages
Type in a new cruise altitude, e.g. 40000 to set FL400 and insert it into the CRZ ALT field
You can modify the speed restriction, e.g. type 250/10000 to allow the aircraft to fly 250kt below 10000ft
Or you can delete the speed restriction: press the DEL key to insert a DELETE command into the scratchpad, then select the SPD RESTR field to remove the speed restriction all together
You can also change the transition altitude and transition level (TRANS ALT or LVL)
八 航点方位信息
Waypoint Fix Info
我们可以通过飞行管理计算机在导航显示屏上绘制引导线。这些可以帮助我们判断导航定位的距离或入场半径。我们现在为出发跑道增加了延长的中心线和一个10NM的距离环。
Using the CDU we can draw guidance lines onto the navigation display. These help us judge distances or inbound radials towards navigation fixes. We’re now adding the extended centerline for our departure runway and a 10NM range ring. You can also add multiple fixes using the next pages.
按下FIX，打开FIX（方位）页面。
在左上角FIX一栏内输入航点/甚高频全向信标（VOR）/无指向性无线电信标（NDB）/机场/机场+跑道的名称（如EDDF25C）
Open the FIX page by pressing the button labeled FIX
Type in the identifier of a waypoint, VOR, NDB, airport or runway (e.g. EDDF25C)
Insert it into the FIX field on the top left
你可以添加一个或多个航向和距离。BRG/DIS的含义是朝着XXX航向飞行XXX距离。
可以只添加航向或者只添加距离：
只添加航向，输入航向（如“250”）
只添加距离：输入/距离（如“/10”）
同时输入航向及距离：航向/距离（如“250/10”）
You can add a bearing and distance or just one of them:
Type in the bearing on its own and insert it (e.g. “250”)
Type in the bearing slash distance for both (e.g. “250/10”) or
Type in slash + distance (e.g. “/15”)
这时在导航显示器上，可以看见绿色的辅助线和圆。如果要移除这些信息：
找到有着你想删除的信息的那一页，按下“DELETE”，再按下相应的“FIX”那一栏。
On the navigation display you can now see green helper lines or circles. To remove the fix info later:
Go to the FIX page and scroll to the page that has the FIX that you want to delete
Press the DELETE button to enter DELETE into the scratchpad
Click the FIX field to delete it
九 进近参考
Approach Reference
要设置立即返航，或在下降准备期间，您应该输入着陆的计划总重，然后可以计算进近参考速度。
To be set for an immediate return or during the descent preparations you should enter your planned gross weight for landing and can then compute the approach reference speeds.
如果需要一个不同的进近重量值，那么你要重新输入一个GROSS WT.
选择进近构型，即襟翼/速度（FLAP/SPEED）。FLAP/SPEED上方有现成的数据供选择。
你也可以手动输入一个有效的“襟翼/速度”。
Overwrite the GROSS WT value if you are expecting a different weight value for the approach
You can copy one of the suggested flap speeds into the scratchpad by pressing the button on the right side next to it.
The flap and speed pair can then be inserted into the FLAP SPEED field on the right so set the approach V-REF speed. You can also manually type in a valid flap setting and speed in knots, e.g. 30/150 and insert it into the field.
