1.3 使役动词的被动结构
在中学阶段，我们学习这几个形容词“interested”、“excited ”、“disappointed”
时， 当时我们只知道它们是形容词，并没有进行深究。进一步学习会发现，
它们是由使役动词 “interest(使关心；使感兴趣)”、“excite(使兴奋)”、
“disappoint(使失望)”转变过来的，在阅 读中会发现一些使役动词多用于
被动结构，不明白其原因，然后就死记硬背。如果我们在学习时，稍加
分析并总结这些使役动词的主动语态与被动语态的转换，我们就可以做到
举一反三， 不仅容易记住单词，而且容易掌握其用法，同时对理解其他使
役动词的用法及学习英汉思维模式转换规律有很大帮助。
学习下面这些动词时，注意它们的主动语态与被动语态之间的转换，然后就
很好理解“be interested in”等这类结构。
1. involve vt 使陷于（麻烦等中）；使卷入复杂或困难的情况
Don’t involve other people in your mad scheme.
不要把其他人牵扯进你疯狂的计划中。
b. They are deeply involved in debt. 他们债台高筑。
2. aim vt 以（枪炮等）对准；以…为目标
a. He aimed (his gun) at the lion, fired and missed.
他瞄准那狮子，放枪，未打中。（牛津现代高级英汉双解词典）
b. My remarks were not aimed at you. 我的评论不是针对你。
c. The program is aimed at ( intended for) young teenagers.
这个项目是面向青少年的。
d. Exams are aimed to evaluate how well students have learnt their subjects.
考试的目的为了评估学生对他们学科的掌握情况。
3. mean vt 意欲；企图
a. I didn’t mean you to read the letter. 并没有打算要你读这封信。
b. That remarks were meant to hurt her. 这些评论本意就是伤害她。
c. You are not meant to take your shoes off when you enter a Hindu temple.
当你进入印度庙宇时，你要脱掉你的鞋子。
4. decide vt 使决定
a. What decided you to give up your job? 什么原因使你决定放弃工作？
b. What determined you to accept the offer? 什么原因使你决定接受此项提议？
be decided /determined to do something .
5. face vt 呈现于…之前
The main difficulty that faces us today is of supplying food to those in need.
我们当前面临的主要困难是为那些急需食物的人提供食物。
这句话可以转变成“We are faced with the main diffiulty of supplying food to those in
need.”
6. confront vt 使…面对
a. The difficulties that confront us seem insuperable.
我们面临的困难似乎无法克服。
b. My house confronts his. 我的家与他的家对门。
be confronted with. 使面对。
a. The prisoner was confronted with his accusers. 那犯人被传与起诉者对质。
b. The actress was confronted by a large group of reporters as she left the stage door.
当这名女演员走出舞台门的时候，她遇到了一大群记者。
7. prepare vt 准备
a. prepare pupils for an examination. 指导学生准备考试。
b. we are prepared to supply the goods you ask for.
我们能够而且愿意供应你要的食物。
8. incline vt 使（某人）有意（作某事）
a. The news inclines me to start at once. 这消息使我想立刻动身。
b. I am inclined to start at once. 我想立刻动身。
9. doom vt 注定(常用被动结构)
Her plan was doomed to failure. 他的计划注定失败。
10. suppose vt 认定； 假定（常用被动结构）
be supposed to do 被期望或要求；应该
Is he supposed to clean the outside of the windows or only the inside?
他应该把窗户外面擦干净，还是擦窗户里面就可以呢?
11. intend vt 意欲；打算
We intend them to do it. 我们打算让他们做那事。
be intended to do something. 意思是使; 是用来
a. His son is intended for the medical profession. 他计划让他的儿子行医。
b. It was intended to be cooked slowly. 这需要用慢火煮。
12. oppose vt 反对
He was totally opposed to me getting married. 他完全反对我结婚。
13. obsess vt 常用被动结构(指恐惧，固执的或错误的观念)占据心思
He was obsessed by/with fear of unemployment. 他被失业的恐惧所困扰。
词 汇 积 累
1. cell n 细胞；电池；单人小室
a. If there’s a particular cell here that doesn’t make any sense, you just put an x
through it and go on.
如果某个单元格没有意义，你可以叉掉，然后继续向下。
b. cell towers. 基站（信号站）。
2. census n 人口统计；人口调查
census taker. 普查员。
3. ceremony n 仪式
coming of age ceremony. 成人礼到来。
4. certainty n 确信；必然
You can’t say with one hundred percent certainty that I can’t fly.
你不能百分之百地肯定说我不会飞。
5. certificate n 证明书
gift certificates. 礼品券。
