Leviathan - 07

===CHAPTER XX : OF DOMINION PATERNAL父权, AND DESPOTICAL(砖zhi)

A COMMONWEALTH by acquisition, is that, where the sovereign 

power is acquired by force; and it is acquired by force, when men 

singly, or many together by plurality多数 of voices, for fear of death, or 

bonds监禁, do authorize all the actions of that man, or assembly, that 

hath their lives and liberty in his power. 

===CHAPTER XXI ：OF THE LIBERTY OF SUBJECTS★臣民 

★★★ suffice 使满足

If we take liberty, for an exemption免除 from laws, it is no less同样 

absurd, for men to demand as they do, that liberty, by which all 

other men may be masters of their lives.

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And yet as absurd as it is, this is it they demand; not knowing that 

the laws are of no power to protect them, without a sword in the hands 

of a man, or men, to cause those laws to be put in execution执行. 

As amongst masterless men, there is perpetual不断的/常发生的 war, of every 

man against his neighbour; no inheritance, to transmit to the son, nor 

to expect from the father; no propriety of goods, or lands; no security; 

But it is an easy thing, for men to be deceived, by the 

specious华而不实的/徒有其表的 name of liberty; and for want of judgment 

to distinguish, mistake that for their private inheritance遗产/继承物体, 

and birth-right, which is the right of the public only. 

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And when the same error is confirmed by the authority of men 

in reputation for their writings on this subject, it is 

no wonder if it produce sedition煽冻性的言行, and change of government. 

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we are made to receive our opinions concerning the institution, 

and rights of commonwealths, from Aristotle, Cicero, and other men, 

Greeks and Romans, that living under popular states, derived those 

rights, not from the principles of nature, but transcribed them 

into their books, out of the practice of their own commonwealths, 

which were popular; 

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as the grammarians describe the rules of language, out of the 

practice of the time; or the rules of poetry, out of the poems 

of Homer and Virgil. 

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And because the Athenians were taught, (to keep them from 

desire of changing their government,) that they were freemen, and 

all that lived under monarchy were slaves; 

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therefore Aristotle puts it down in his Politics, In democracy, 

LIBERTY is to be supposed假定: for it is commonly held, that 

no man is FREE in any other government.