wiki笔记--Nucleus raphe pallidus（发热之所在）--2021/4/23
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Nucleus raphe pallidus
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Nucleus raphe pallidus
Section of the medulla oblongata at about the middle of the olive. (Raphe nuclei not labeled, but 'raphe' labeled at left.)
Details
Identifiers
Latin
nucleus raphe pallidus
MeSH
D065848
NeuroNames
741
NeuroLex ID
birnlex_1375
TA
A14.1.04.320
FMA
72586
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
[edit on Wikidata]
The nucleus raphe pallidus receives afferent connections from the periaqueductal gray
(喝酒后的人感觉到的发热应该就是PAG兴奋 nucleus raphe pallidus后导致的发热，很有可能PAG的强直部分和屈服部分都能兴奋nucleus raphe pallidus。对了，nucleus raphe pallidus的兴奋会抑制pontine cholinergic system（pedunculopontine nucleus and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus）。)
, the Paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus, central nucleus of the amygdala
（central nucleus of the amygdala poject inhibitive axons.难道危急时刻所表现出的异常冷静是central nucleus of the amygdala对nucleus raphe pallidus抑制的结果？毕竟疼痛信息兴奋PAG，外界快速变化信息兴奋amygdala，amygdala兴奋PAG的同时抑制nucleus raphe pallidus，而nucleus raphe pallidus的兴奋抑制pontine cholinergic system，所以当pontine cholinergic system被抑制了，amygdala对nucleus raphe pallidus的抑制效果甚微，而变成PAG强烈兴奋nucleus raphe pallidus，这就形成了amygdala的临界点效应--到底兴奋PAG占上风还是抑制nucleus raphe pallidus占上风，从而决定了pontine cholinergic system到底能不能不被抑制，这种危机时刻的精细调控很不容易啊。因为二者对应的行为完全不同，一个是头脑紧张发热，一个是冷静处置(冷静处置者必然将自身的安危置之度外，即屏蔽了来自自身疼痛的信息，屏蔽了insular cortex对amygdala的兴奋效果，从而能够对amygdala有一个精确的控制，这种行为是不能有意识自我重复的，是一种不可刻意复制的临场反应)。
或许生活大爆炸中那个印度男孩的失语现象就是由于异性出现导致amygdala和PAG活动剧烈而兴奋了nucleus raphe pallidus，从而抑制了cholinergic system，导致大脑皮层-丘脑缺少ACh递质的精确调节而丧失语言思考能力，而酒精和酒精的心理暗示让PAG的强直部分不再活动强烈，从而让preoptic area再次抑制nucleus raphe pallidus，使得cholinergic system不再被抑制，语言思考能力就瞬间回归了。同时由thalamic reticular nucleus引发的回避行为---印度男孩趴到别人耳边说话时导致其视界内刺激信息大大减少，这样的回避行为降低了刺激信息对amygdala的输入，同时回避行为本身也是thalamic reticular nucleus对thalamus一定程度的抑制，总的来说就是大大降低对amygdala的输入，从而大大减轻amygdala对PAG强直部分的兴奋，这样一来，PAG的活动不被激发，从而解放了cholinergic system在大脑皮层-丘脑的活动，就又能说话了。）
, lateral hypothalamic area, and parvocellular reticular nucleus.
Also, the nucleus raphe pallidus receives afferents from the medial preoptic area, median preoptic nucleus and lateral paragigantocellular reticular nuclei.[1]
The nucleus raphe pallidus has recently been shown to be involved in the activation of a fever as an immunoreaction. It has been implied that the preoptic area is constantly inhibiting the raphe pallidus
（it means the preoptic area prevent activation of fever, which also means the preoptic area is inhibited when a fever happens, when the environment is cold. It also means pain make you calm, because pain information reach the preoptic area. If that pain also increase your serotonin(from raphe magnus and rahpe obscurus maybe), the serotonin inhibit pain, or cause your parasympathetic system work to make the pain uncaused, then that pain is not forbidden necessarily. For example, you have eaten something hard, then you regulate yourself in increasing serotonin or in increasing the movement and secreting of stomach, or some other example.）
, especially the rostral portion(?????), with GABA.
When the preoptic area receives immune signals from the body, the inhibition stops and the rostral portion of the nucleus raphe pallidus excites the intermediolateral cell column, which induces a fever.[2]
(when in fever, you feel cold easily, the cold temperature information reach medial preoptic area to inhibit raphe pallidus. This inhibition makes your body tremble and avoid such cold information, and at the same time you feel pains all over the body, which is the result of increasing prostaglandin that makes the pain receptor much more sensitive. By the way, the prostaglandin originate from the membrane of broken cells.)
The nucleus raphe pallidus has also been known to mediate the tachycardia response, an extremely high heart rate known to be incited by emotional or psychological stress.
(Maybe the nucleus raphe pallidus is also involved in flipped love, your heart speeds when you meet your goddess. It agrees with the way of gonadotropin-releasing hormone releasing which is controlled by medial preoptic area. )
Microinjections of a GABA-a antagonist into the nucleus raphe pallidus, induces an increased heart rate.
Conversely, microinjections of muscimol, a GABA-a agonist, inhibit tachycardia in rats under air-stress stimuli.[3]
In both of these cases, GABA is mediating two different sympathetic responses, so clearly the nucleus raphe pallidus is a far more a complex nucleus than previously thought.
