英语改错
常见错误：
1.多（漏）词：通常考查冠词、连词、介词等虚词
（1）动词与介词的关系（2）名词与冠词（3）固定搭配等
2.词法错误
3.语法错误
4.语境及逻辑错误
a←→an/the
n←→ns
v←→v-s/v-ed/v-ing
adj←→adv
and←→or/but/so
基数词←→序数词
动词（不同类型的动词后面的句子成分会有所不同）
混淆及物动词和不及物动词：
The woman smiled happily as she accepted to it.
The woman smiled happily as she accepted it.
to要删去；accept为及物动词，后面直接加宾语，不需要介词to。
To begin with, all of us can start reducing to the use of oil by driving only when we have a real need.
To begin with, all of us can start reducing the use of oil by driving only when we have a real need.
reducing后面的to要删去；reduce为及物动词，后面直接跟名词作宾语。
动词（v.）：vt.及物动词 vi.不及物动词
He likes English. 他喜欢英语。
主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语
Something happened. 有事情发生了。
主语+谓语（不及物动词）
不及物动词放在主语之后可单独存在，之后不须加任何词类意思就很完全。
不及物动词之后，可接副词（adv.）或副词对等语（如介词短语，状语从句等），以修饰该动词。
Something happened yesterday.
昨天有事情发生。
不及物动词后面可以加介词，再加宾语
Winter is coming. 冬天就要来临了。
An idea came upon him. 他想到一个主意。
come upon（v.+prep.=vt.）（想法等）突然产生
Look! Here he comes. 看，他来了。
He looks at me. 他看着我。
look at （v.+prep.=vt.） 看
判断及物动词和不及物动词的方法：
我＿＿他。（主动）
他被我＿＿。（被动）
在上列的横线中，我们可以任意放人一个英文动词，翻译成中文后，意思没有毛病，就是及物动词，否则就是不及物动词。
如：kill 杀 我 kill 他。
他被我 kill 。
由此得知“我杀了他。 ” 、 “他被我杀了。 ”，语意没有毛病，即可得知kill为及物动词。
如：dance跳舞 我 dance 他。
他被我 dance 。
由此得知“我跳舞他。 ” 、 “他被我跳舞。 ”，语意有毛病，即可得知dance是不及物动词。
当然，“我＿＿他。”或
“他被我＿＿。”中的主语、宾语可任意变换，以符文意
（sb./sth. sb./sth.。
sb./sth.被sb./sth. 。）
we reduce the use of oil：
我们 减少 油的使用
油的使用被我们 减少
she accepted it：
她 接受 它。
它被她 接受
有些动词可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，但搭配不同，可能混淆而多一介词
join in the game
（join in=take part in 参加某个活动）
join the club
（join 个人加入集体、团队、协会等）；
pay for a TV set
（pay for的宾语为“事”、“物”，for表示支付的原因）
pay three dollars
（pay 支付； 宾语是“人”、“钱”）；
search for the map
（search for=look for 寻找，搜寻）
search the thief for his watch
（search=examine 搜查，检查；
search ...for 搜查...以找到）
The problem is whether he can join us.（ 个人加入集体用join ）
Can I join in the game？（ 参加游戏活动用join in）
I’ll pay for the tickets. （pay for的宾语为“事”、“物”，for表示支付的原因）
They had to pay two hundred yuan. （pay 支付， 宾语是“人”、“钱”）
He searched every room in the house.（search 搜查）
Scientists are still searching for a cure to the common cold.（search for 寻找）
连系动词
At present ,these technologies are still expensive ,though.
technologies是名词technology的复数形式，所以后面的连系动词用are。
（am、is、are是连系动词be的一般现在时，连系动词be是am、is、are的原形）
连系动词的选择：
在一般现在时里 I用am，you用are，is连着he（他）、she（她）、it（它）；
单数名词作主语也用is ，其它复数（we、you、they、 technologies 等）用are
（you:单数、复数、主格、宾格同形）
I am a student.
He is good.
The story is interesting.
You are my student.
You are my students.
They are upstairs.
用名词作表语时，be动词译成“是”；用形容词作表语时，be动词不必译出；用地方副词或地方副词短语作表语时，be动词译成“在”。
He is a great hero. （hero n. ；is译成“是”）
他是一个大英雄。
He is good. （good a. ；is不必译出）
他这个人很好。
He is there． （there ad. ；is译成“在”）
他在那。
He was walking to school the other day when he let a bicycle ran right into him.
ran改为run。使役动词let后面充当宾补的不定式（to run）要省去to ；
let sb./sth. do sth.
run into（车辆）意外撞上
使役动词（make、let、have等）为及物动词的一种，但此类动词加了宾语之后，意思并不完全，还需要加宾语补语，以补充意思之不足。
在make，let，have，see，observe，watch，notice等动词后充当宾补的不定式要省去to。
I made him to wash the car.
I made him wash the car.
Don’t let the children who are so young to go swimming.
Don’t let the children who are so young go swimming.
删去to。上句宾语部分较长， who are so young是宾语 the children的定语。主句的结构是Don’t let the children… go swimming，谓语是let，后面充当宾补的不定式要省去to。
make，let，see，observe，watch，notice，hear等动词变成被动语态时，后面不定式的to不能缺少。
（被动语态：be动词的一定形式+及物动词的过去分词）
He was made to wash the car.
The blind man was seen to cross the street.
make可使用于被动语态中，但have和get则不可以。
When I finally arrived at my friend’s he lent to me lots of clothes.
When I finally arrived at my friend’s he lent me lots of clothes.
删去to，lend sb. sth.
授予动词为及物动词的一种，授予动词后面接双宾语，常见的授予动词有tell、lend、give、ask等
He lent me lots of clothes.
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
简单句的五种形式：
（1）主语+谓语（不及物动词）
Everybody smiled.
（2）主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语
I love you.
（3）主语+谓语+宾语+补语（宾语补语）
Tom made the girl cry. （make为使役动词）
（4）主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
I will tell you a story. （tell为授予动词）
（5）主语+系动词+表语（主语补语）
I am a student.
并列：
The day I started school, it was sunny, cool, and there was a breeze in the air.
The day I started school, it was sunny, cool, and breezy.
there was a breeze in the air改为breezy；sunny ,cool ,breezy三个形容词构成平行结构。
Thank you so much for not only giving me life ,but also teach me how to be a good person.
句中的teach改为teaching。not only...but also...连接两个排列成分，giving与teaching形式一致
Thank you so much for giving me life.
Thank you so much for teaching me how to be a good person.
for（介词）+动名词
并列成分错误：
How many times have you walked out of a room and leave the lights or television when no one else was there？
句中的leave改为left；television后加on。动词left和and前面的walked并列；leave…on“让……开着”
have walked out of a room
have left the lights or television on
（“have+过去分词”是“现在完成时态”）
Another way is to watch our everyday use of water and electric at home.
electric（adj.）改为electricity（n.）
and要连接两个并列成分，所以electric（adj.）要改为electricity（n.）
并列的成分要根据句子语意和语法功能选择，而不仅仅是后面的成分跟前面的一样。
use of water （水的使用 /用水）
use of electricity（电的使用 /用电）
介词of表示“所属关系”、“……的（通常从后往前翻译）”
I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive.
little改为less。more和less为比较级。
aggressive /ə’gresiv/ a.侵略的，爱挑衅的
much（原级） more （比较级） most（最高级）
little（原级） less/lesser（比较级） least（最高级）
much ad. a. n.
little ad. a. n.
little ad. （表示否定）几乎没有，几乎不
Norma picked up the package ,carried it into the kitchen ,and it was put in a cabinet.
Norma picked up the package ,carried it into the kitchen ,and put it in a cabinet.
并列连词and连接的内容需要在语法结构上保持一致，故应将最后一个动作改为主动语态，与前面的两个动作在结构上保持平衡。
并列连接词：
基本的并列连接词有三个：and、or、but。此种连接词可以连接对等的单词，短语或句子
单词并列：
He and I enjoy singing. （He and I 为对等的主语）
他和我都喜欢唱歌。
Is he sad or happy？（sad or happy为对等的形容词作表语）
他是伤心还是高兴？
短语并列：
Does he work in Taipei or in Shanghai？（in Taipei or in Shanghai为对等的介词短语）
他是在台北还是在上海工作？
She is not good at English but poor at it.（good at English but poor at it为对等的形容词短语作表语）
她英文不是很好，而是很差。
句子并列：
He works hard ,and his father is proud of him.（and连接两个对等分句）
他很努力，而他父亲以他为荣。
and、or、but衍生的其它连接词：
and（both…and…一方面……同时也……）
or （either…or…要不就是……要不就是……； neither...nor...既非……亦非……）
but（not...but...并非……而是……；not only...but also...不仅……而且……）
Both Peter and Mary work hard.（Both Peter and Mary为对等的主语）
彼得与玛丽都努力工作。
Thank you so much for not only giving me life ,but also teaching me how to be a good person.
并列结构作主语的主谓一致
连接主语时，/both ... and.../之后始终接动词的复数；/either...or...；neither...nor...；not...but...；not only... but also.../连接主语时，动词要随最近的主语做单复数的变化。
Both he and I are happy about it.
（他与我对此事都高兴。）
Either he or I am wrong.
（不是他就是我错。）
并列连词either...or...连接的成分作主语时，谓语动词的形式要符合“就近原则”。
Not only can she dance, but also she can sing.（错句）
Not only can she dance, but she can (also) sing.
“not only ⋯ but also⋯”之中的also通常可以省略。若不省略，则连接单词或 短语时but also不可分开，但连接句子时，but also一定要分开，也就是将also 置于句中。not only是否定词，放在句首时要部分倒装，也就是把助动词放在主语前面。
并列是一种平行结构
I am looking forward to see you.
I am looking forward to seeing you.
see改为seeing；
look forward to doing（/seeing /meeting）中，to为介词，后面接动名词形式；
look forward to （以特别愉快的心情）期待，盼望
Because the help you gave me that summer, my life changed.
（正确：Because of the help…）
August is the best time of the year to visit Beijing, because of there is only a few rain and the weather is neither too hot nor too cold.（错句）
August is the best time of the year to visit Beijing, because there is only a little rain and the weather is neither too hot nor too cold.（正确）
because there…；a little rain， few+C, little+U
because+从句，because of+名词/代词等
because…so （because与so均为连接词，造成双重连接，这是错误的结构） ，why… because
although... but ，though… but ，even though... but ，even if... but
if and ，the more… and the more ，once… and
Although she is nice, but I don’t like her.（错句）
Although she is nice, I don’t like her.（正确）
She is nice ,but I don’t like her.（正确）
（她人很好，但我不喜欢她。）
I never knew much about her except for that she was strange.
去掉介词for。except for+名词/代词/动名词；except that+句子。
In fact, they are planning to visit China in next week.
in next week
last/next/this/that +yesterday/tomorrow/week/June 前面不用加in
last year，next month，this week，one day等名词词组直接充当时间状语，前面用介词是多余的。
But on today，，，
Now, we’re planning a small party for the next Sunday.
The doctor says he is recovering fast than expected and will be out of hospital in a few weeks.
fast改为faster。faster副词比较级。in/within（介词）+a few weeks 在几周之内 p19,29
冠词：含有Day 的节日前加the是多余的。如：the May Day， the National Day，the Women’s Day，the New Year’s Day。
in the future
Meanwhile ,I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last.
（must改为could或者might，must意为必须；to删去，make为使役动词，不定式作宾补时应该省去to）
我发现再耐心些，我（也许）就能使玩具玩得久一些。
主语+谓语+宾语+补语； Tom made the girl cry.
He made me happy. happy形容词作宾语补语
（他使我觉得愉快。）
We elected him chairman. chairman名词作宾语补语
（我们选他当主席。）
主谓一致：
He like English.
like改为likes；he为第三人称单数，后面谓语动词加—s。
固定搭配：
Can’t you remember tell me that the other day？
remember用于一般现在时，指现在记得以前干过的事情，因此tell要改为telling，表示以前干过的事情。remember to do则表示记住要做某事，to do指未做的事。
Jack regretted not go to the meeting last week.
regret后面的动词如指的是过去已发生的动作，应用动词—ing形式，故将go改为going。
接不定式或动名词的动词
有些动词跟动名词搭配和跟动词不定式搭配，意义完全不同：
stop to do sth.停下来去做某事（未做）；stop doing sth.停止做某事（已做）
remember to do sth.记得（要）去做某事（未做）；remember doing sth.记得做过某事（已做）
regret to do sth.对未做的事遗憾（未做/没做）；regret doing sth.对做过的事后悔（已做）
forget to do sth.忘记去做某事（未做）；forget doing sth.忘记曾经做过某事（已做）
try to do sth.尽力（去）做某事；try doing sth.（尝）试着做某事
mean to do sth.打算做某事；mean doing sth.意味着做某事
go on to do sth.做完某事接着去做另一件事；go on doing sth.继续做同一件事
Thank you very much for showing us around your city and providing us for the wonderful meals.
Thank you very much for showing us around your city and providing us with the wonderful meals.
us后面的for改为with。考查动词短语搭配：
provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb.
When I finally arrived at my friend’s he lent to me lots of clothes.
When I finally arrived at my friend’s he lent me lots of clothes.
删去to，根据短语lend sb. sth. /lend sth. to sb.
Hope you good health and much happiness every day.
Hope改为Wish，固定表达wish sb. sth. ，无hope sb. sth.。
I hope to see you by then.
I wish I could write as well as you.
拓展：hope 与 wish（毒奶）
相同点：表示“想，希望”；宾语可为to–v.，不可是v.-ing
I hope（/wish）to visit Guilin.
不同点：
1.wish+宾语+to–v.，表示命令；hope无此用法
I wish you to go. 我要你去。
2.hope后不能直接跟名词作宾语，可跟for+名词，表示可实现的“希望”；wish跟for+名词时，则表示难以实现的“愿望”
I hope for success.
I wish for a car.
3.hope和wish都可跟that从句，但wish后面的从句要用虚拟语气
I hope you’ll be better soon.
I wish I were ten years younger.
4.wish可跟双宾语
We wish you a happy New Year.
If you’d like to make trip to our city some day, I will be better than happy to be your guide.
If you’d like to make a trip to our city some day, I will be more than happy to be your guide.
trip前面加a，make a trip to到某地旅游
better改为more，more than+a.表示“非常”。
与冠词a搭配的短语
make a trip to到某地旅游
for a long trip 度个长假
for a long time长时间（冠词不可省略）
more than+a. 表示“非常”。
more than+数词 表示“超过，不止”
more than+n. 表示“不仅仅（是）”
more than+（that）从句 表示“超出（理解）”
Gradually, I became interesting in biology and chose to learn biology when I entered into the college.
interesting改为interested，become interested in开始对……感兴趣。去掉into，enter进入，不能和into连用。
interesting stories（interesting有趣的…；interested感兴趣的）
I’m pleased to hear it. 形容词pleased作表语
I think over her a lot，，，
over改为of，think of想起，think over仔细考虑。
those、these
be away from…远离。。。
There was one on particular I’d always wanted.
There was one in particular I’d always wanted.
on改为in
I guessed, even at the age, I would never be able to enjoy to playing with the toy or face my cousin again.
I guessed, even at the age, I would never be able to enjoy playing with the toy or face my cousin again.
enjoy后面的to删去
（enjoy可以用名词、动名词、代词等作宾语，但不能用不定式作宾语）。
固定搭配：in particular不用on；enjoy doing中间不用to；later on后来，不用late；out of（walked out of a building走出了一栋楼）；keep in touch with sb.；look forward to doing（/meeting）中to为介词，后接动名词形式（passage18,27）。
After hearing,,, 介词after用动名词（passage20）。
in front of 在……前面；in the front of在……前部
in the yard 在庭院里
on the right 在右边
He was right there in front of me！
We can go to work by bike once and twice a week.
and→or；once or twice一次或两次。or或者，表示选择关系。
what is（/was） better（/worse）
stopped by/at the table 停在桌旁
A friend is someone you can share your secrets.
考查动词搭配。share sth. with sb. 为固定搭配，所以secrets后要加with。
（whom）you can share your secrets with.是省略了关系代词whom的定语从句。
关系代词whom代替前面的先行词someone在后面的句子里充当（宾语）成分。
share是一个特殊接双宾语的动词，接人的时候，无论人的位置在哪，人前面一定用with（with跟着sb.走）
share sth. with sb.= share with sb. sth. 没有share sb. sth.
get close to 接近，靠近
She never seemed to care what,,,
，，，wanted to get out，，， want后需加不定式作宾语
in/with+surprise
After five years away in my hometown, I find that the neighborhood which I used to living in has changed a lot.
in改为from；living改为live。（be）away from 离开；used to+动词原形“过去常常做某事（现在不做了）”。
used to过去常常；be used to do被用来做；get used to doing习惯做某事，to为介词。
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事（现在不做了）
He used to get up early.
be used to do sth. 被用来做某事；不定式表示目的，可用于多种时态
Wood is used to make paper.
be（/get/become）used to（doing）sth.
习惯做某事，to为介词；可用于现在、过去、将来的多种时态
He will be used to getting up early.
He is quite used to working hard.
He is quite used to hard work.
So I helped them going to the nearest hospital.
going改为go。
help sb.（to）do sth. 帮助某人（做）某事，to可要可不要
It is about 200 miles far away from London.
去掉far。例题前面有具体数字，只能用“数字+away from”结构表示“离……多远”。
be away from…远离。。。
suffer from 遭受（痛苦、病痛）
give way to 给……让路/让位
get into trouble 陷入困境
Chinese food is famous with its wide variety.
with改为for。be famous for 以……著名
a sports center； sport v. &n.；sports a. &n.
be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
He had time for a proper breakfast and was still the first to reach the factory.
序数词后面通常用不定式作定语
倒装：
If you tell him a secret, never will he talks about it with anybody else.
talks改为talk。考查时态和倒装句式，助动词will+动词原形。
would（will） should（shall） could（can） might（may）加动词原形
“Neither did I,”，，，倒装句，助动词did后面是主语。
much能修饰动词，many不能：
You remind me so many of my mother.
many改为much。动词remind的宾语应用不可数名词。/think too much
I never knew much about her except that she was strange.
She didn’t talk much.
副词：very much是副词作状语；very 修饰形容词原形——very famous writer
She past her driving test.
past改为passed。“通过”在此用动词，past是介词。
I still remember when I was child, you always held me in your arms and told me stories till I fell asleep.
child 前面加a 。单数可数名词child 不能单独存在，所以前面加不定冠词a 。一般情况下，单数可数名词第一次出现时，需加不定冠词（tell sb. a story；write a long letter）
在“名词+as/though…”结构中，名词前不用任何冠词。如：child as he is；
fool as she is
（让步状语从句）倒装
缺词：
I’m writing to tell you opinion about water saving.
句中的opinion 前加my；句意：我写信告诉你我对于节约用水的看法
For a while parents bought me new toys.
句中的parents前加my，指“我的父母”。
缺一连词：
（1）汉语常用意合法，分句与分句之间往往不用连词，但英语里不行。如：
It began to rain and they had to stop the match.（如果中间用分号可不用连词）
It was late, so we went home.
You like sports, while I’d rather read.
He looked for the key, but didn’t find it.
（2）受汉语影响，并列动词词组之间可能缺一个and。如：
She smiled and said goodbye to her father.
（3）名词性that分句置于句首或作同位语时不可缺少连词。如：
That she is beautiful is known to us all.
We heard the news that our team had won.
（4）even后可能缺少连词if或though。如：
I don’t mind even if/though he doesn’t come.
（5）as后可能缺少if或though。如：
He walks as if/though he were drunk.
return vt. 后面不带to（return your bike）
有些动词在汉语中是不及物动词，在英语中是及物动词，可能多一个介词。如： follow after him，play with her in a match，marry with her，engage with her，make him as our monitor
play vi.&vt. Will you play me at chess？你同我下一盘棋好吗？
有些动词可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，但搭配不同，可能混淆而多一介词，如：join in the game，但join in the club；pay for a TV set，但pay for three dollars；search for the map，但search for the thief for his watch
picked it up,,, pick及物动词
accept vt. / She accepted it.
The teacher is busy preparing for his lessons.
根据意思，his lessons应是prepare的直接宾语，而不是目的。因此，这里prepare用作及物动词，去掉for。
缺一介词：
（1）有些动词后面有时有介词，有时没有，如：
prepare breakfast ； prepare for the exam
join us ； join in a game
attend a meeting ； attend to the patient
（2）表语形容词通常具有动词意义，很可能误以为是动词而漏掉介词。如：
be afraid of nothing；be present at the meeting；be sure about it
（3）except，instead of，from，since，till，until后面可跟另一介词词组充当介词宾语，可能漏掉第二个介词。如：
He came on foot instead of by bike.
A big bear ran out from behind a tree.
（4）hundreds，thousands后面可能漏掉of。类似的有millions of ，dozens of，scores of。
A hundred of people attended the meeting last night.
A hundred people 一百人
hundreds of 好几百人
缺一助动词或连系动词be：
（1）表语不是名词时，可能缺少连系动词be，因为汉语在这种情况下不用“是”。如： He is afraid of his father.
The match is over.
（2）被动语态中不能缺少助动词be，如：
He has been asked to sing in English.
（3）完成时中缺少助动词have的各种形式，成了一般过去时。如：
We realized that we had lost our way.
They have lived here since 1980.
（4）在倒装结构中缺少助动词（情态动词也叫情态助动词）。如：
Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started.
Seldom do I get invited into the office alone.
Only in this way can you learn English well.
从句的引导词错误：
But before long they began to see which was happening.
句中的which要改成what；see后面为名词性从句（宾语从句），从句缺少主语
what无范围，which有范围（提供几个选择）。
Do you know what these words mean?（what前面没有名词）
As there are five courses, you are free to choose which you would like to attend.
名词性从句中，连接代词which，whose常在从句中作定语，后面接名词
Which room will be used as the meeting room will be decided by the manager.（which引导主语从句，且在从句中作定语，修饰room）
Please tell me whose names are not on the list.
（whose引导宾语从句，且在从句中作定语，修饰names）
Here is my idea about how a friend is like.
how改为what。宾语从句引导词what在从句中作表语。how作状语，不符合句法结构。
We got on the school bus and which took us straight to the People’s Park.
关系代词which本身具有连接主句和从句的作用，所以应去掉连词and，但在which前应用逗号隔开，使其引导一个非限制性定语从句。也可不加逗号，直接去掉and构成限制性定语从句。还可保留连词and，将which改为代词it，构成并列句。
Do you know our team leader we call him Big Wang?
去掉him。本题为主从复合句，Do you know our team leader为主句，we call him Big Wang为定语从句。在这个定语从句中，call的宾语为已省略的关系代词whom或that，Big Wang为call的宾语补足语，him与关系代词重复，为多余词，应去掉。
Do you know what do these words mean?
宾语从句要用陈述句语序，应把助动词do去掉。
She will introduce me to some of her friends, one of who has been to China several times.
who改为whom，引导定语从句时介词后面用关系代词whom，不用who。
介词加which、whom，不加that，who
I shall lend the novel to who comes first.
定语从句who comes first 前缺少先行词，应加上anyone。也可以把who改为whoever，whoever就等于anyone who。
授予动词lend后面接双宾语
Would you bought the dictionary if you had had more money yesterday？
根据假设定语从句中had had 可知，本句使用的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，因此，主句中的bought应用have bought，和would一起构成虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反。
The book which bought for me by my father cost a lot of money.
本题可在关系代词which后加was，使定语从句完整。也可以去掉关系代词which，这样bought过去分词短语同样起了作定语的作用。
Do you know anything about the accident happened in the village yesterday?
happen是不及物动词，没有被动形式。应在happened前加关系代词that或which改成定语从句。
She married the man because what he had done for her.
what从句为名词性从句，because后面应加of方可接名词或名词性从句。
缺一代词：
（1）充当定语从句主语的关系代词不能缺少。如:
The accident that happened yesterday was very serious.
He is a teacher, as is clear from his manner.
（2）英语中用来代替前面的“the+名词”的that（单数）和those（复数），在汉语中往往没有反映，很可能漏掉如:
The population of China is much larger than that of Japan.
These shirts are expensive, but those which we saw the other day were even more expensive.
（3）than any后容易缺other。如：
Li Hua is clever than any other student in his class.
多词：
地点副词的意义中已经包含to，如果有to则是多余的。（地点副词前面不加to）如：on my way to there ，get to home，return to home ，go to upstairs。
school n.
有些动词受汉语影响而多一副词，如：stop down （停下来），raise up （举起来），return back （归来，回来），repeat again ，seat down oneself。
I didn’t hear you. Please repeat the sentence again.
repeat 意为say again，所以句中again多余
有些动词在一种用法要加副词，而在另一种用法中加副词则是多余的。如：build up our country，但build up railways.
多一连词：
状语从句与主句之间多一并列连词。如：though…but；because…so ；if and；the more…and the more；why…because；once…and 。
充当状语的分词与主句之间多一并列连词。如：
Sitting down and he began to work.
He sat at the window and thinking .
Regarded as the best in the class , so he was praised at the meeting.
从属连词后多一that。如because that…，since…that，unless that…。
复合宾语前多一that。如：
I heard that him say it.
I found that her lying on the ground.
Having been ill for a long time , so she fell behind her classmates.
Having been ill for a long time 是现在分词补语作状语，so多余。另外，so，but这样的连词，应该连接两个并列成分。既然so前面是短语，后面是句子，那么这个连词就该去掉。
多一代词：
主语与谓语之间多一关系代词。如：
Some people don’t like football, but many people who do like it.
作定语的分词前多一关系代词。如：
I know the boy who standing there.
The man who invited to the ball last night is my friend.
定语从句中的一个名词，已由关系代词取代，再用一个代词是多余的。如：
She bought the book（that）she had first asked for it .
I have seen the girl（whom）you are talking of her .
用不定式作定语时，如果其逻辑宾语或介词宾语就是被修饰的名词词组，后面再用代词是多余的。如：
The tea is too hot to drink it .
He is a good comrade to work with him .
在“形容词+不定式”句型中，如果不定式的逻辑宾语或介词宾语就是句子的主语，再用代词作宾语或介词宾语是多余的。如：
This question is too difficult to answer it .
The house is nice to live in it .
在“连词+分词/名词/形容词/副词/介词词组”结构中，加上代词作主语是多余的。如：
He took notes while he reading.
If it heated, ice turns to water.
多一助动词：
时间、条件从句中用一般现在时表示将来时，用will，would是多余的（主将从现）。如：
If you will try hard, you will succeed.
I’ll tell them about it as soon as they will come.
“You’ll be late for school unless you will get up at five, ” said mother.
unless引导的是条件状语从句，条件状语从句（通常由if，unless，on condition that引导）、时间状语从句（通常由when，as等引导）和让步状语从句如要表示将来，通常用一般现在时代替将来时，即用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
be sure或make sure+that 分句结构中用一般时表示将来，用will，would是多余的。如：
I make sure that you will come early.
间接疑问句中主语前的助动词多余的。如：
Would you tell me what do you want？
独立结构中的be（助动词或连系动词）是多余的。如：
The game was over, he went home.
She smiled, tears were still running down her face.
多一冠词：
（1）与介词at，in，to连用的名词school，class，town，hospital，church，prison，bed，等表示与其有关的活动时，用冠词是多余的。如：go to the school，（上学），be in the prison（坐牢），be in the bed（在睡觉）。
（2）与by连用的交通工具名称和air，land，sea等名词前用冠词是多余的。如：by the bike，by the sea，by the train等。
（3）家庭成员名称前不用冠词。如：
Where is the father？
The mother is ill.
Ask the brother to put the baby to bed.
The Aunt is taking the sister out for a walk.
（4）表示游戏活动而不是表示游戏工具的名词前不用冠词。如：play the volleyball/ play a volleyball，play the chess，play the table tennis。
（5）由“专有名词+普通名词”构成的专有名词前不用冠词。如： the Beijing Airport， the Oxford Street， the Hyde Part。
（6）at the first ，at the last， the most of us中的the是多余的。类似的还有：at once，at night，at noon。
（7）most作“非常”解时前面用the是多余的。如：
Oh！It’s the most beautiful！
She is the most diligent.
（8）形容词最高级作表语而又不与其他人或物比较时，用the是多余的。如：
My father is the busiest on Sundays.
The lake is the deepest at this point.
（9）含有Day 的节日前加the是多余的。如： the May Day， the Women’s Day， the National Day， the New Year’s Day。
（10）在“名词+as/though…”结构中，名词前不用任何冠词如： a child as he is， a fool as she is。
（11）supper，dinner，lunch，breakfast，tea，等表示一日三餐的名词前不用冠词，但如果这些名词前有形容词修饰，表示特殊或不一般意义时应用冠词。如:have a good dinner（吃一顿丰盛的晚餐）；after a quick breakfast（匆忙吃过早饭以后）
He promised to come and see us after the supper.
缺一冠词：
（1）在such或so+形容词与单数名词连用时，不可缺少a/an。如：
He is such an honest boy that all of us like him.
This is so good a book that we will buy it.
（2）表示“有些”时，little，few前面不可缺少a。如：
Don’t hurry. There is a little time left.
（3）many前面有great，good时，要加a。如：
a great many people。
若many后接单数名词，中间要有a/an。如：
Many a man has tried it before.
（4）即使是不可数名词，表示“一种”时，也要加a/an。如：
It’s a famous Chinese tea.
Work is a pleasure to him.
（5）用专有名词表示“一个像（叫）……的人”时，用a/an。如：
He wished to be a Lei Feng.
A Mr Wang called you up just now.
（6）一般不能用“the+复数名词”表示类别，但用“the+复数名词”表示整个民族。如：
The Chinese people are brave and hard-working.
（7）“The+复数专有名词”表示某家人。如：
The Smiths often go swimming.
The Lis live upstairs.
（8）“形容词比较级+of the two…”前必须用the。如：
He is the better of the two. 他是两者间较好的那一个。
My father has two brothers and three of them are all Party members.
我父亲有两个兄弟，加上他本人是三人。因此后面three of them应指他们三兄弟全体。故须在three前加定冠词the，以表示总数。如不加the则指他们总数不止三人，与前面意思不符。
the two of us 我们两人（只有两人）
two of us 我们当中两人（不止两人）
多一小品词to：
（1）在除have to，ought to，used to之外的情态动词后用to是多余的。如：
He can to speak English.
（2）在had better，would rather，rather than后的不定式前用to是多余的。如：You had better not to go.
I would rather to stay at home.
He prefers to stay at home rather than to go swimming.
（3）在make，let，have，see，feel，watch，notice，observe等动词后充当宾补的不定式前用to是多余的。如：
Don’t let the children who are so young to go swimming.
上句宾语部分较长， who are so young是宾语 the children的定语。主句的结构是Don’t let the children…. go swimming，谓语是let，后面不定式不带to，因此应去掉to。
I made him wash the car.
Let me to hear you to play.
I have three letters to be answer this afternoon.
当不定式作定语修饰名词时，如果该句能找到不定式的逻辑主语，则该不定式不能用被动语态，反之通常用被动语态（There be 结构中，作定语用的不定式短语，如果没有逻辑主语，则可用被动，也可用主动）本题中主语I为answer的逻辑主语。
The recorder needs to be repaired before it can be used.
needs后面的动词如果与前面主语具有逻辑上的动宾关系则该动词可用两种形式：一种是用不定式的被动形式，另一种是用动词的—ing形式。故上面的句子中be前加不定式符号to（也可以说成needs repairing，但不能说成needs being repairing）。
缺小品词to：
（1）不定式充当各种成分，一般不能缺少to。如：
She went there to see her mother.
He asked me not to there.
I have something important to tell you.
（2）make，let，see，hear，notice，observe，watch等动词变成被动语态时，充当主语补足语的不定式前的to不能缺少。如：
He was made to wash the car.
The blind man was seen to cross the street.
make可使用于被动语态中但have及get则不可。
（3）为了避免重复前面的动词。如：
—Would you like to come with me？
—I’d love to. We wanted to go, but we weren’t able to.
need的用法
You need not to go with me unless you are free now.
need可以作情态动词也可以作实意动词，作为情态动词时后跟动词原形，所以去掉to。在情态动词have to，ought to，used to后再用to是多余的。
The recorder needs to be repaired before it can be used.
needs后面的动词如果与前面主语具有逻辑上的动宾关系则该动词可用两种形式：一种是用不定式的被动形式，另一种是用动词的—ing形式。故上面的句子中be前加不定式符号to（也可以说成needs repairing，但不能说成needs being repairing）。
Oliver Twist, the hero of the story, he was an orphan.
本句为简单句，主语是Oliver Twist，he是多余的主语，应去掉。the hero of the story是同位语，相当于非限制性定语从句who was the hero of the story。
She asked me if I had found out my new pen.
find out意为通过调查、询问、思考、研究等“弄清楚”或“查明”某件事。find意为“找到”，是动词短语look for“寻找”的结果。根据句意应去掉out。
The teacher found a cup broken and tried to find who had broken it.
find 查找 ； find out 弄清，查明。句中who had broken it是老师想要查明的事情，故应在find后加out。
What a terrible weather we’ve been having !
weather为不可数名词，前面不需要冠词a
缺词错误：
I’ve heard him but I never know him.
heard后面应加of或about，表示“听说”；hear sb.是“听见某人声音”的意思。句意：我听说过他，但不认识他。
Would you be kind as to turn off the TV set?
kind前加so；也可以将as改为enough。
American English has changed the centuries.
应在the centuries前加over。表示时间、空间的跨度为over。
The recorder needs be repaired before it can be used.
needs后面的动词如果与前面主语有逻辑上的动宾关系，则该动词可用两种形式：一种是用不定式的被动形式，另一种是用动词—ing的主动形式。故上句应在be前加不定式to。当然也可以改成needs repairing，但不能说成needs being repaired。
The old man asked a policeman ,“Could you show me how get to the post office? ”
show sb.后面常用疑问代词或疑问副词连接一个不定式短语，故how后面加to。
China is larger than any country in Asia.
any后加other，因为同一范围的比较，应把自己排除在外。
The composition is well written except a few spelling mistakes.
except后加介词for。except通常表示在一整体中除例外，而这一整体一般为一群体，其排除的与整体同属一类。而except for用于对上文已讲过的某一情况加以补充说明，排除的与前面所述事物为从属关系。spelling mistakes从属于composition。
Thanks the teacher’s help, I have made great progress in my English study.
thanks是名词，不能带宾语，应在其后加介词to。thanks to意为“幸亏，由于”。
错一词：
虚词选择错误，实词词形错误，同（近）义、形式词选择错误等。
1.虚词选择错误
（1）介词或小品副词选择错误：before/ago，among/between，after/in，below/under，on/above/over，across/through，except/besides，with/in（用），to/for（对于），like/as等。
（2）连词选择错误或连词与介词混淆：because/for（since，as），if/whether，if/unless，no matter/though（although），so as/so that，hardly…when/no sooner…than，while/when，till/until等。
（3）关系词选择错误：who/whom/whose，which/that，what/which（that），（介词+）whom（which）/that，（it is…）that/when/where/how等。
（4）感叹词选择错误：how/what。
（5）代词选择错误：人称代词的格，如：I /me/my/mine。人称代词与反身代词，如：I（me）/myself。先行词it（作主语或宾语）与指示代词it/that（this）。不定代词与限定词：some/any，no/none/no one（nobody），every/each，everyone/every one，all/both，any/either，none/neither，few/little，many/much，other/others/another，other/else，so/such（…that）等。
（6）冠词选择错误：a/an，a（n）/the
（7）助动词、情态动词选择错误：need/must/can/may，must/have to。
2.实词词形错误
（1）名词词形错误：名词的单复数形式，特别注意不规则名词复数形式，加 —es的复数形式，貌似可数而实为不可数的名词bread，paper，glass（玻璃）等。名词的普通格与所有格，特别注意不规则名词复数的所有格，如：the children’s…不是the childrens’…形式，动名词复合结构中的指物名词用普通格，不用所有格，以及名词所有格的绝对形式。如：My son is older than my elder brother’s.
（2）动词词形错误：不规则动词的过去式、过去分词形式错误，特别注意几组容易混淆的词，如：lie（躺）/ lie（说慌）/lay（放置），hang（挂）/hang（绞死），find/found（建立），fall/fell（砍到），bear（忍受）/bear（生育）等的过去式与过去分词。规则动词的过去式、过去分词、现在分词去掉e，双写，变y为ie或ie为y。非限定性动词用法的选择，特别是充当状语、表语、定语或宾补时是用过去分词还是现在分词（分别取决于主语，名词中心词，宾语的关系），在to后是用不定式还是动名词（取决于to是介词还是小品词），以及并列结构中动词的形式相同。限定动词时态形式的选择，是现在时还是过去时。一般现在时单复数形式的选择，是单数还是复数。情态动词和do（does，did），will（would），shall（should）等助动词后面的动词形式的选择（只能用原形）。
（3）形容词与副词词形错误：是用原级、比较级还是最高级，特别注意as much（many） as possible，容易错为as more as possible。是加more，most还是加—er，—est构成比较级和最高级。加—er，—est时是否要将y变成i。
（4）词性选择错误：不同的词性充当不同的句子成分，要注意实词的词性是否适合其功能，不符合则应换用适当的派生词。注意：作状语用副词不用形容词：He works well.
3.同义词、近义词、形似词选择错误
accept/receive，alive/living/lively，allow/let，alone/lonely，aloud/loudly，already/yet/still，also/too/either，number/amount/quantity，answer/reply，asleep/sleepy/sleeping，bring/take/fetch/carry，clothes/clothing，deep/deeply，defeat/fail，cost/spend/take/pay，hard/hardly，high/highly，ill/sick，illness/disease，job/work，late/lately，lend/borrow，near/nearly/nearby，likely/possible/probable，raise/rise，rob/steal，say/speak/tell/talk，sit/seat，sound/noise/voice，live/stay，very/much，try/manage，wide/widely，win/beat（defeat），wish/hope，worth/worthy。。。
语序错误：his both parents应为both his …；never I have应为never have I。
错词错误：
I have the same idea as his.
his改为he，as实际上引导的是定语从句，其中主语应用主格he，和主句I并列。试比较：My idea is the same as his. his等于his idea，与主句中my idea并列。
Everyone of us is working hard in this factory.
everyone和anyone与表示范围的of介词短语连用时应分开，如：every one of us；any one of them。
I have caught the bad cold for a week and I can’t get rid of it.
动词catch是短暂性行为动词，这里表示“感染”，不能和类似for a week这样表示时间段的状语连用，应把have caught改为have had。
This is the steel plant where we visited last week.
visit是及物动词，关系副词where不能作它的宾语，所以应用关系代词that或which，也可以省略。
Following the road and you will find the store.
根据句意，前句是条件，后句是结果，应用祈使句+and+含有将来时的陈述句。因此，须把Following改为Follow。 （/条件句if）
This is all what Dr Smith said at the meeting.
what不能作关系代词，应把what改为that（all是不定代词，不能用关系代词which），另外，由于关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，也可省略that。本句另一改法是去掉all，这样，what从句作表语。
Everyone agreed to his suggestion which we should hold a meeting to talk about the problem.
从句意中可知，which引导的从句说明了suggestion的内容，是同位语从句，不是定语从句。which不能引导同位语从句，应是that。定语从句起的是修饰和限制的作用。试比较：He agreed to the plan that we should finish ten units this term.（他同意我们在本学期完成十个单元的学习计划。）that引导的是同位语从句，指plan的具体内容，即什么计划。He agreed to the plan which（或that） was made at the meeting.他同意大会上所制定的计划。which或that从句是定语从句，修饰plan，指哪一个计划，并未涉及plan的内容。
同位语从句的连接词有：，，，
agree 接带to的不定式作宾语，agree to do sth.；
I don’t agree with him.
agree to/with/on
decide to do
Why don’t you ask anybody else to help you？
本句表示的是说话人的建议，在表示建议、请求或征询意见的问句中不能用any，anything，anybody或anywhere，而用some，something，somebody或somewhere。故将anybody改为somebody。
The pen is missing, for we cannot find it everywhere.
否定句中应用anywhere表示全否定。not和everywhere连用是不完全否定，与前句意义不符。
That won’t be easy, I know, but we have to start anywhere.
anywhere改为somewhere。anywhere指“在某地、某处”时用于否定句或者疑问句，somewhere用于肯定句。
Sorry, I have no such a book.
本题有两种改法。把no改为not或去掉句中a，因为no等于not a。
The two languages are not at all the same in neither spelling or grammar.
并列/搭配:neither…nor; either…or。neither…nor与前面not at all不符，而either…or可与否定词连用，表示全否定。故将neither改为either。
He had changed so much that I could hardly know him.
从上文的“巨大变化”可确定下文是“几乎认不出”，而不是“几乎不认识”。所以know改为recognize。know是状态性动词，recognize是行为性动词，这里应用后者。
I knew from Joan that Mary had fallen ill.
know from是受中文“从某人那里知道”的影响，另一方面，know表示状态，不是行为性动词，而from sb.应和行为动词连用。“从某人那里得知” “听某人说”，英语应说learn from sb.或hear from sb.。
Would you please speak something about your family？
speak的宾语常为表示语言的名词，如speak English，除此以外一般用作不及物动词，如speak to sb.。本句应改为say something about。
The discovery is great importance in science.
importance与主语discovery非等同物，应用形容词important来说明discovery的性质，可句中great也要改为greatly修饰形容词important。改法2：在great前加介词of。
The experiment was much more easier than we had expected.
该题是考查修饰比较级的副词作程度状语的用法。much作程度副词常用来修饰比较级。more本身就是比较级，因而不能修饰比较级，所以more要去掉。
much（原级） more （比较级） most（最高级）
little（原级） less/lesser（比较级） least（最高级）
much ad. a. n.
little ad. a. n.
little ad. （表示否定）几乎没有，几乎不
The writing of the report spent me two evenings.
spent是表示“某人花费时间（金钱）做某事”，主语一般为人。“花某人多少时间”应说take sb. some time。所以spent要改为took。
If I had time, I shall see the new film.
根据条件句中动词had可知是虚拟语气表示现在或将来不可能有时间，因此后面shall要改为would（美式英语中should常被would代替）。改法2：把had改为have，表示对未来情况不确定。
It took places in France，an European country.
European的第一个音素是辅音/ j /,所以前面不定冠词用a,不用an。
As，代表整个主句的意思，引导一个非限制性定语从句，表示“正如…”。as用于这个意思时较为灵活，从句位置可前可后。which引导非限制性定语从句只能位于主句后面。that作为关系代词不能引导非限制性定语从句。
—Do you mind getting me some water?
—Certainly don’t.
答句中don’t改为not，not是分句代替词，代表I don’t mind getting you some water这一句子。don’t不能作分句代替词。
Was it him who telephoned yesterday？
这是强调句的疑问句，因强调的是主语，所以him改为he。
He is by far the clever student in our class.
clever改为cleverest。by far作程度状语只能修饰比较级和最高级，不能修饰原级。如：This is by far the better of the two. That is by far the best choice.
I came here especially to ask you for advice.
especially改为specially。specially意为“专门地，特别地”，指为某一特殊目的而专门采用某一方式，常用在表示目的的不定式短语或介词for前。especially也是“尤其，特别地”的意思，但一般强调某种情况或特点。如：It’s especially hot this summer.
The little girl hurried home with the remained money.
remain是不及物动词，只能用现在分词作定语，而不能用过去分词。应把remained改为remaining。
The population of Zheng Zhou is fewer than of Beijing.
fewer改为smaller。population通常指一个某地的总人口，一般不用复数。说人口多与少，常用large和small来修饰population，而不能用few，much，more，little等词修饰。
介词：
No more toys to you.
to改为for。for表示“为某人买东西”
Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last.
must改为could或might；make为使役动词，不定式作宾补时应该省去to。
We should find ways to reuse the water using in washing, especially bath water for which is quite a lot, and that will save much water.
using改为used；去掉for。非谓语动词作water的后置定语，water与use为逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词；先行词bath water在定语从句中作主语。
Two years before, I traveled Brazil and I rented for a car.
before改为ago；去掉for。时间状语two years ago与一般过去时连用；rent译为“租用，租借”时是及物动词。
复数：
I destroyed each of my toy.
toy改为toys。each of 后面接名词复数，表示“每一……”。
Every one of us can make a great efforts to cut off the use of energy in our country.
去掉a或者把efforts改为effort；off改为down。make an effort或者make efforts都为固定短语，意为“努力”。cut off中断，切断；cut down缩减。
one and a half hours 一个半小时
lots of good books；lots of+可数名词复数形式
the rate of reports 为单数概念，后面的谓语用单数
three per week 每三周。介词per（每，每一）+单数名词。
one of+名词复数
Tom was having much trouble getting up in the morning and was always late with work.
have trouble doing sth.结构中，trouble为不可数名词。with改为for，be late for work上班迟到
He went to doctor for a help. help在此是不可数名词
The doctor gave him some medicine and told him to take them before he went to bed. them改为it，medicine是不可数名词
Every kind of the Chinese food is worth trying, because each has a delicious taste and good for health.
去掉the；good前面加is。food表示泛指时不用冠词；be good for 有益于。
food不可数，谓语动词用第三人称单数（foods常指饭菜-various Chinese foods；food表示食物时,是不可数的;但当用作表示种类时,是可数的.例如:various foods,指的就是各种各样的食物,强调种类,而不是食物本身）；
special dishes of different areas 不同地区的特色菜
Unfortunate, I had an accident and hit another car, and I needed to stay in a hospital for at least two week.
Unfortunate改为Unfortunately，副词作状语修饰整个句子; week改为weeks（six miles；several local dishes各种菜式；names of different plants；One of my unforgettable memories,,,，one of+名词复数；another couple of days）。
In the car park here Gina nearly got knocked over as car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry.
here改为there，意为：在那儿的停车场（前文）。第二个car前加a，因为car为可数名词单数，又表示泛指。
It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of me who is going to Beijing.
such后加a，hotel为可数名词单数，前面加不定冠词a。me（宾格形式）改为mine，指“我的朋友们”。
I still remember when I was child, you always held me in your arms and told me story till I fall asleep.
单数可数名词child不能单独存在，所以前面加a。fall改为fell，主句用的是一般过去时。
an elderly woman and a young couple 名词短语young couple是可数名词单数，表泛指
可数、不可数名词：luggage不可数，clothes可数
some advice不可数
I’ve nearly killed three peoples.
peoples改为people。people是单复数同型的名词。
glass 玻璃；glasses眼镜
We finally dropped Gina off at her parents’ and made our own way to home.
去掉to，此处home为副词，前面不用加to。
drop off：1、落下 2、不知不觉入睡 3、送下车；送到 4、减少
，，，I rushed back home to get it.
What I liked best were the free high—speed Internet connection in the room.
主语为What I liked best ，谓语动词were要改为单数形式was。
I have been missing you very much after I went to college a year ago.
after改为since，本句主语用的是现在完成时。
It’s been a week after we left your family and we are now back home.
after改为since，考查引导状语从句的连接词，本句是“It is/has been+时间段+since从句”结构，从句用一般过去时。
I’m glad to know that you have an interest in Chinese food. Here I’d like to tell you something about them.
them改为it。it指代上文的Chinese food，属于同类同物。
主谓一致：
There exist now a park that has a small river running through.
exist改为exists。这是there be 句型的变体，谓语动词应用就近原则。主语为a park。
区分although与even p17, 23 even强调程度，后接短语
，，，,even in the summer.
p15:12-one of whom?
，，，the alarm went off.
Although her English is a little hardly to understand, we enjoy chatting and usually talk a lot about our own family.
hardly改为hard；family改为families。句子要用形容词hard作表语；我们两个人各自的家庭，应用复数形式。
We can hard imagine what life will be like after 50 years.
hard改为hardly；after改为in。在can或could之后，主要动词之前，通常用hardly强调做某事很难，hard无此用法；在表示某段时间之后，要用介词in，不用after。
（助动词be加及物动词的过去分词表示被动，不及物动词没有被动）
