【自用跟读版】新概念2-Lesson21 Mad or not
一、单词
mad /mæd/ adj. 生气的，气愤的；混乱的，失控的；疯癫的，患精神病的；狂热的，着迷的
①be mad at sb 对某人生气
I know I was wrong. Please don’t be mad at me.
② go mad 发疯
go + adj. 变得…
③drive sb mad 把某人逼疯
His behavior really drives me mad.
reason /ˈriːz(ə)n/ n. 原因，理由；
① for some reason 因为某个原因
for some reasons 因为一些原因
For some reason, she is keen on fishing.
for one reason or another 因为种种原因
② reasonable adj. 合理的
unreasonable adj. 不合理的
sum /sʌm/ n. 金额，款项；总数，总和；量
① a large sum of 大量的钱
a sum of + 不可数名词
a great many +可数名词复数
a great/large number of + 可数名词复数
② to sum up 总而言之
determined /dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/ adj. 下定决心的，坚定的
v. 决定，控制；下定决心（determine 的过去式和过去分词形式）
① be determined to do 下定决心做…
He is determined to go abroad for further education.
We are determined to hold on to the last.
make up one’s mind
decide to do
make a decision to do sth
二、原文
Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day. The airport was built years ago, but for some reason it could not be used then. Last year, however, it came into use. Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. I am one of the few people left. Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane. I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here. Everybody says I must be mad and they are probably right.
三、课文和语法
1、Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad.
drive sb mad 把某人逼疯
drive sb/sth away 赶走
drive sb/sth into/out of sth 把…赶进/赶出 某地方
2、I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day.
passing 现在分词作前置定语，起形容词作用，表示“经过的，路过的”
night and day 日日夜夜，夜以继日 = all night and all day
can be heard 情态动词can 构成的被动语态
3、The airport was built years ago, but for some reason it could not be used then
for some reason 由于某种原因 这里的some指“某个”，相当于a certain +单数可数名词，不是“一些“
Some/A certain doctor is waiting for you outside.
some + 不可数名词/可数名词复数 一些…
some + 可数名词单数 某一…
years 前面不加数词一般表示“许多年” years ago = many years ago weeks等的用法与它相似
I have not seen him for weeks.
4、 Last year, however, it came into use
however 用于句首、句中时用逗号隔开，意思为“然而”
come into use 启用、开始被使用（主动概念，没有被动式） 这里use是名词
use 也可作为动词, 使用 be used 被使用
5、Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise.
over a hundred 一百多
must have been done 表示对过去发生的推测，被动
away from 从某地离开
out of sw. 从某地出来
drive 的用法
① v. 开车、驾驶 drive -drove -driven
drive to 开车去…
I drove to Tianjin yesterday
After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town.
② vt. 赶、 驱赶、围赶（猎物、敌人等）
drive sb away from… 把某人赶走
drive sb out of 把某人赶出
During the war, many people were driven out of their homes.
drive sb back 撵回去
③v. 逼迫 迫使
drive sb mad
The death of all her children has driven her mad.
6、 I am one of the few people left
left 表示被留下来的,leave的过去分词，作后置定语放在被修饰词后面
I am the only passenger left on the bus.
7、I think the house will be knocked down by a passing plane.
knock sb/sth down 击倒、打倒
8、 I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here.
双宾语变被动时，用离动词最近的宾语作主语
give sb sth -> sb be given sth
give sth to sb -> sth be given to sb
9、被动语态
1）产生
不知道动作的发出者或者没必要知道动作的发出者
强调动作的发出者，用by …
2）应用范围
被动语态适用于及物动词
不及物动词+介词+宾语结构也可用被动语态
3）主动语态VS被动语态
主动语态说明动作的执行者
被动语态说明动作的承受着
4)构成： be (is/was/have been) + 过去分词（done） 构成
一般现在时被动语态: am/is/are + done
一般过去时的被动语态 was/were + done
Somebody cleans this room every day.
This room is cleaned every day.
Somebody cleaned this room yesterday
This room was cleaned yesterday.
Ø 情态动词+被动语态
动作发生在现在或将来，常见用法有：
will/would be done
can/could be done
may/might be done
must be done
have to be done
动作发生在过去，常见用法有
must have been done 表示对过去的推测, 当时一定被…
can’t have been done
may have been done
might have been done
should have been done
shouldn’t have been done
needn’t have been done
Ø 完成时的被动语态
have/has done -> have/has been done
The room looks nice. Somebody has cleaned the room.
The room looks nice. It has been cleaned.
had done -> had been done
The room looked nice. Somebody had cleaned it.
The room looked nice. It had been cleaned.
Ø 进行时的被动语态
am/is/are doing -> am/is/are being done
Somebody is cleaning the room at the moment.
The room is being cleaned at the moment.
was/were doing -> was/were being cleaned
Somebody was cleaning the room when I arrived.
The room was being cleaned when I arrived.
Ø 其他被动语态
A. I was born in Beijing 只能用一般过去时
How many babies are born every day？ 可用一般现在时
B. 可接双宾语的动词，改写被动语态时，有两种改法
We gave the police the information.
è The police were given the information
è The information was given to the police
以下接双宾语的动词改成被动语态往往以人开头
ask, offer, pay, show, teach, tell
I was offered the job but I refused it.
C. I don’t like being …
I don’t like people telling me what to do.
è I don’t like being told what to do.
D. 有时被动语态可以用get代替be
There was a fight at the party but nobody get hurt.(= nobody was hurt)
get往往表示某人或某物的遭遇，尤其是没有设计或预料到的事情
Our dog got run over by a car. 我们的狗被汽车撞到了
get只用在表示事情的发生及变化，get不能用在下列例句中
Jill is liked by everybody (不能用gets liked)
He was a mistery man. Nothing was known about him. (不能用got known)
get可用在：(在意义上不是被动语态)
get married get divorced get dressed(穿衣服) get changed（换衣服）
get常用于口语，be用于一切场合
10、few, a few, little, a little用法
1) 与名词搭配
few /a few + 可数名词复数
little/a little + 不可数名词
2) 肯定、否定之别
a few, a little 是肯定的， 相当于some
few, little 是否定的，表示“很少，几乎没有”
I have little interest in English
我对英文没什么兴趣
3） 与only, very 搭配
只能说only a little, only a few，不能说only little ,only few ，为了强调否定意义，可用very little, very few.
四、习惯用法
be mad at sb.
for some reason
a large sum of money
be determined to do sth.
drive sb. mad
come into use
