高中英语语法 系列十四 状语从句

重难点分析

状语从句是由从句担任状语，在句子中可修饰谓语动词（或其他动词）、形容词、副词或整个句子。它可以用来表示时间、地点、条件、原因、结果、目的、让步、比较、方式等。状语从句是一个较大的语法项目，也是近几年高考题中常见的重要考点。高考中已考查了时间、让步、地点、条件、目的等状语从句，这些从句仍是今后高考的热点，应做充分的准备。同时对方式状语从句也应引起重视。不同的状语从句所使用的连接词也各不相同。如下表所示：

状语从句名称

连接词

时间状语从句

when, as, while,   whenever, after, before, till/until, since, once, as soon as/the moment, by   the time, no sooner…than, hardly…when, every time等

地点状语从句

where和wherever

条件状语从句

if, unless, as   long as, on condition that, if only(=if)

原因状语从句

because, since,   as, now that(既然)

结果状语从句

so that(从句谓语动词一般没有情态动词), so…that, such…that

目的状语从句

so, so that(从句谓语常有情态动词), in order that, in   case(以防，以免)

让步状语从句

although,   though, as(常用倒装结构),   even if/though, however, whatever, whether…or, no matter who(when, what,   where…)等

比较状语从句

than, as…as, the   more…the more

方式状语从句

as, as   if/though, the way, rather than等

 

一、时间状语从句

1. while, when, as引导时间状语从句时的区别

(1) while引导的状语从句中谓语动词必须是持续性动词。谓语动词多为进行时或状态动词的一般时。此时可与when互换。如：

Please keep quiet while/when others are studying. 当别人正在学习时，请保持安静。

(2) when除可指一段时间外，还可用来指时间点，等于“at the time”，即when引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词可以是瞬间的，也可以是持续性的。因此主句和从句的谓语可以是一般时、进行时或完成时。如：When I went into the lab, the teacher was doing an experiment. (when不能换成while) 当我走进实验室时，老师正在做实验。

(3) as常可与when, while通用，但as强调“一边……一边……”。如：

As (When/While) I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car. 当我沿着大街散步时，我注意到一辆警车。

(4) when有时代替if，引导条件句，意为“如果，假如”。如：

I will come when(if) I am fine. 如果我有空，我就会来。

2. till, until引导时间状语短语或状语从句，用于否定句时，结构为not…until，主句谓语动词延续与非延续皆可，意为“直到……才……”；用于肯定句时，主句谓语动词需用延续性动词，表示“到……为止”。如：

They played(延续性动词) volleyball until/till it got dark. 他们打排球直到天黑才结束。

They didn’t talk(延续性动词) until/till the interpreter came. 直到口译员来了他们才开始谈话。

He didn’t go to bed(非延续性动词) until/till his father came back. 直到他父亲回来他才睡觉。

注意：(1) until可以放在句首，till则不行。如：Not until he finished his work did he go home.(倒装)直到完成工作他才回家。(2) till, until只用于表时间，以下句子是错误的：We walked till the edge of the forest. (till必须改为as或to) 我们走到了森林的边缘。

二、地点状语从句

引导地点状语从句的连词是where和wherever。如：Make a mark where you have question. 在你有问题的地方做记号。    Sit wherever you like. 坐在你喜欢的地方。

三、条件状语从句

条件状语从句分真实性（有可能实现的事情）与非真实性（条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不太可能实现的事情）条件句。引导条件状语从句的词(组)主要有if, unless, as long as, on condition that, if only(=if)。值得注意的是，条件状语从句中的if不能用whether替换。如：

If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch. 如果他不在办公室，那一定是出去吃午饭了。

You may borrow the book as long as you keep it clean. 你可以借这本书，只要你让它保持干净。

四、原因状语从句

because, since, as引导原因状语时注意使用上的区别：

1. 如果原因是构成句子的最主要部分，一般用because，因此because引导的从句往往放在句末。用why提问的句子，一定用because回答。如：He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill. 昨天他必须呆在家里，因为他病了。

2. 如果原因已为人们所知，或不如句子的其他部分重要，就用as或since，since比as更正式些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。如：

As you are tired, you had better take a rest. 你累了，最好休息一下。

Since everyone is here, now let’s begin. 大家都到齐了，现在开始。

五、结果状语从句

结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句表原因，从句表结果。结果状语从句通常由so that（从句谓语一般没有情态动词），so…that, such…that等引导。如：

He was so excited that he jumped from the sofa. 他如此激动以至于他从沙发上跳了下来。

六、目的状语从句

引导目的状语从句最常用的词（组）是so, as that(从句谓语常有情态动词), in order that, in case(以防，以免)等。如：Speak clearly, so that they may understand you. 说清楚些以便他们能理解。

He left early in case he should miss the train. 他尽早地离开，以防误了火车。

七、让步状语从句

让步状语从句可由although, though, as, even if/though, however, whatever, whether…or, no matter who/when/what…等引导。值得注意的是as引导的让步状语从句一般用倒装。如：

Child as he is, he knows a lot. 尽管他还是个孩子，他却知道很多。

Whatever (=No matter what) you say, I will never change my mind. 不管你说什么，我都不会改变主意。

八、比较状语从句

比较状语从句常用than, as…as, the more…the more等引导。如：

I have made a lot more mistakes than you have. 我犯的错误比你犯的多得多。

The busier he is, the happier he feels. 越忙他觉得越快乐。

九、方式状语从句

方式状语从句常由as, as if(though), the way, rather than等引导。如：

You must do the exercise as I show you. 你必须按照我教你的去做练习。

He acted as if nothing had happened. 从他的举止行为看，似乎什么也没发生过。

附加说明：使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题

1. 在时间和条件（有时也在方式、让步等）状语从句中，主语用一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。如：I will write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai. 我一到上海就写信给你。

2. 在有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致（或虽不一致，但是it），从句的谓语又包含动词be，就可省略从句中的“主语+be”部分。如：

If (you are) asked, you may come in. 如果你被邀请了，你就可以进来。

If (it is) necessary, I will explain to you again. 如果有必要，我会再给你解释一次的。

3. 注意区分不同的从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where为例：

You are to find it where you left it. （地点状语从句）你会在你放它的地方找到它。

Tell me the address where he lives. （定语从句，句中有先行词）告诉我你住的地址。

I don’t know where he came from. （宾语从句）我不知道他来自哪里。

Where he has gone is not known yet. （主语从句）他去了哪里还不知道。

This place is where they once hid. （表语从句）这里就是他们曾经藏过的地方。

3. as作从属连词可引导多种状语从句。

(1) as引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”，如：

He sang as he worked. 当他工作的时候，他会唱歌。

(2) as引导方式状语从句，意为“像……一样”，如：

We must do as the party teaches us. 我们必须像那个聚会教我们的那样做。

(3) as引导原因状语从句，意为“由于”，如：

As you are late, you had better wait. 由于你迟到了，你最好等一下。

(4) as引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽快”。常用倒装结构。如：

Child as he is, he can do it well. (=Although he is a child, he can do it well.) 尽管他是个孩子，他却能把它做好。

(5) as作为关系代词还可以引导定语从句。如：I have such books as you like. 我有你喜欢的书。

 

考点练透

一、单句填空 根据句意用适当的连词填空，补全下列句子。

1. Dr. bethune (白求恩) came to China          he was fifty.

2. He began to work          he got there.

3. Let’s begin our meeting          everyone is here.

4. I like the english people,          I don’t like their food.

5.          you go in China, you can see smiling faces.

6. He didn’t come to the lecture          he was very busy.

7.          we had enough time, we walked to the cinema.

8. They will help you          you meet with difficulty.

9.          we came to the university, we have learnt quite a lot.

10. I didn’t join them yesterday evening          I had to go to an important meeting.

11. We would try to get a car          we could all travel together more easily.

12. She wouldn’t forget her mother’s birthday          she seldom wrote to her family.

13. We are doing everything we can to make things as easy for you          we can.

14. The meeting became so disorderly          the speaker had to shout the audience down.

15. To be honest, you did better          I did.

16.          you lock all the doors, he can still manage to get in.

17. The boy was so tired          he fell asleep on the bus.

18. Hard          he tried, he couldn’t force the door open.

19.          we often use computer to write or email to somebody, handwriting is still a kind of precious wealth to us.

20. Keep it          you can see it.

21.          we do nothing to save the Great Wall, it will soon become a wasteland.

二、语篇填空 根据短文意思或括号中的汉语提示，用适当的连词填空。

In my opinion, we can’t leave today’s work for tomorrow,    1    tomorrow we have different things to do.    2    we leave today’s work for tomorrow,    3    we will have some other work, we will gradually pile up too many things and will never get them done.    4   , only the persons without determination and will-power will find all kinds of excuse for delaying the things they should have done today.    5   (此外),    6    we get into the bad habit of leaving today’s work for tomorrow, we will easily become lazy.

As we have a lot of things to learn and different homework to do every day, we can not afford to waste time.    7   (因此), the earlier we plan our time and get down to the work,    8   (越多) we will learn. In a word,    9    we have strong intention and great determination and do everything    10   (按照) planned, we will be able to keep improving ourselves and achieve success.

三、语法填空 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

When I was growing up, I do not recall hearing the words “I love you” from my father. When your father never says   1   (they) to you when you are a child, it gets tougher and tougher for him   2   (say) those words as he gets   3   (old). To tell the truth, I could not honestly remember   4   I had last said those words to him either. I decided to set my ego aside and make the first move.   5   some hesitation, in our next phone conversation I blurted out the words, “Dad … I love you!”

There was   6   silence at the other end and he   7   (awkward) replied, “Well, same back at you!”

I laughed and said, “Dad, I know you love me, and when you are ready, I know you   8   (say) what you want to say.”

A few weeks later, Dad concluded our phone conversation with the words, “Paul, I love you.” I was at work during this conversation and the    9    (tear) were rolling down my cheeks   10   I finally “heard” the love. As we both sat there in tears we realized that this special moment had taken our father-son relationship to a new level.

 

 

 

 

 

参考答案

考点练透

一、单句填空

1. when  2. as soon as  3. as  4. though  5. Wherever  6. because  7. Since  8. whenever  9. Since  10. because  11. so that  12. though  13. as  14. that  15. than  16. Even if  17. that  18. as  19. Although  20. where  21. If

二、语篇填空

1. because  2. If  3. when  4. Besides  5. Additionally  6. if  7. Therefore  8. the more  9. if  10. as

三、语法填空

这是一篇亲情故事。虽父子情深，父亲却不习惯对儿子说“I love you”。儿子决定采取主动，在电话中对父亲说出了“I love you”。几周后父亲也以对儿子说“I love you”来结束通话。电话两端，父子双双感动得热泪盈眶。

1. them  考查代词。指代前面的the words “I love you”。words为复数，用them。

2. to say  考查非谓语动词。此处不定式to say those words作真正主语，it为形式主语。

3. older  考查形容词比较等级。此处get older意为“变老”，用比较级。

4. when  考查连接词。引导宾语从句，并在从句中作时间状语。

5. After  考查介词。犹豫一阵后说出口，所以填after。注意首字母要大写。

6. a  考查冠词。不定冠词的最基本用法。

7. awkwardly  考查词类转换。修饰谓语动词replied，要用副词形式。

8. will say  考查动词。时间状语从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。

9. tears  考查名词的数。tears作“眼泪”时，常用复数形式；再由空后的were可知用复数。

10. as/because  考查连接词。引导原因状语从句。听到了love是感动得落泪的原因。

助读词汇

recall vt. 回想起                    conclude vt. 结束        

cheek n. 面颊                       blurt out 脱口而出            

roll down 滚下                      in tears 含着泪               

to a new level 到一个新水平          set one’s ego aside 放下某人的自尊