Lesson 4 The doble life of Alfred Bloggs

·单词

manual adj.    体力的

    ·manual work/labor    体力 工作/劳动

    ·反义词：mental adj.    脑力的

        ·mental work/labor    脑力 工作/劳动

        ·相似单词：spiritual adj.    精神的        material adj.    物质的

    ·词根

        ·man(u) = hand    手

            ·manufacture v.    （用机器大量）生产，制造

                ·biscuit manufacturers    饼干生产厂商

                ·soap manufacturers    肥皂生产厂家

            ·manacle n.    束缚；手铐     

            ·manuscript n.    手稿       

            ·emancipate    v.解放

                ·emancipate slaves    解放奴隶

                ·the emancipation of women    妇女的解放

                ·the Emancipation Proclamation    解放黑奴宣言

collar n.    衣领

    ·white-collar workers    白领

    ·blue-collar workers    蓝领

    ·collar v.    <非正式>抓住，逮捕

        ·The policeman collared the thief.    警察抓住了小偷

    ·本文中搭配 tie，英语中有有趣的单词

        ·tie    领带        tie a tie    打领带

        ·sigh a sigh    叹口气

        ·wish a wish    许个愿

        ·I wished a wish on the star.    我对着星星许了一个愿

        ·dream a dream    做梦

        ·die a glorious death    光荣牺牲

        ·breathe one's last breath    咽气

sacrifice v.    牺牲，献出

    ·sacrifice ... for ...    牺牲 ... 为了 …

        ·Many women sacrifice their careers for their families.    许多妇女为了家庭而牺牲事业

        ·Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.    许多人往往愿意牺牲较高的工资来换取成为白领的特权，这是人之常情

        ·Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice holiday time for the pleasure of travelling by sea.    很少有人愿意牺牲假期时间去享受乘船旅行的乐趣

        ·表达放弃

            ·give up    放弃        

            ·abandon v.    放弃，抛弃，遗弃

                ·abandon ship    放弃船舰

            ·renounce v.    正式地宣布放弃某个东西

                ·renounce smoking and drinking    戒烟戒酒

            ·cede vt.    放弃；割让（领土）

                ·Hong Kong was ceded to Britain after the Opium War.    香港在鸦片战争后被割让给英国

pivilege n.    特殊的好处，特权 (少数人具备的)

    ·enjoy a privilege    享有特权

    ·abuse a privilege    滥用特权

    ·利益的利：right n.    权利

        ·Education is a right, not a privilege.    教育是一项权利，而不是特权

    ·have the privilege to do ...    有幸做 …

        ·Today, I have the privilege to speak at this important international forum on behalf of the Chinese government.    今天，我很荣幸代表中国政府在这个重要的国际论坛上发言

dustman n.    清洁工

corporation n.    公司

    ·multinational corporation    跨国公司

    ·其它还可以表示公司的单词

        ·company n.    公司

        ·firm n.    公司

        ·business n.    商业，公司

        ·concern n.    公司

    ·表示企业的单词

        ·enterprise

            ·foreign funded enterprise    外资企业

            ·joint-venture enterprise    合资企业

            ·state-owned enterprise (SOE)    国有企业

            ·private enterprise    私有企业

            ·township enterprise    乡镇企业

overalls n.    工作服

shower n.    淋浴

secret n.    秘密

status n.    地位

·课文讲解

    These days, people who do manual work often receive far more money than people who work in offices. People who work in offices are frequently referred to as 'white-collar workers' for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work. Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers. This can give rise to curious situations, as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation.

    When he got married, Alf was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job. He simply told her that he worked for the Corporation. Every morning, he left home dressed in a smart black suit. He then changed into overalls and spent the next eight hours as a dustman. Before returning home at night, he took a shower and changed back into his suit. Alf did this for over two years and his fellow dustmen kept his secret. Alf’s wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and she never will, for Alf has just found another job. He will soon be working in an office. He will be earning only half as much as he used to, but he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money. From now on, he will wear a suit all day and others will call him 'Mr. Bloggs’, not 'Alf’.

These days, people who do manual work often receive far more money than people who work in offices.

    ·these days    当前 = today = nowadays

        ·易混的短语：in those days    想当初，在当年

            ·In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for prize money.    在那些日子里，拳击手们为了奖金而徒手格斗

            ·In those days wandering minstrels were welcome everywhere.    在那些日子里，到处都欢迎游吟诗人

    ·两个 who 引出的定语从句

    ·receive money    赚钱

        ·口语中表示赚钱

            ·make money    赚钱

            ·earn money    赚钱

    ·far/much/even/still/yet ...    放在比较级之前，表示什么的多

        ·slightly/a little/a bit ...    放在比较级之前，加强或减弱语气

    ·造句练习：现如今，在娱乐界 (the entertainment field) 工作的人挣的钱往往比在教育行业 (the education sector) 工作的人多得多。

        ·These days, people who work in the entertainment field often receive far more money than people who toil in the education sector.

People who work in offices are frequently referred to as 'white-collar workers' for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work.

    ·这里的 People who ...，为 anadiplosis 即顶真;连珠

        ·一生二 二生三 三生万物    地法天 天法道 道法自然

        ·天下文章数三江 三江文章数鄙乡 鄙乡文章数进士 进士跟我学文章

        ·Our grief has turned to anger, and anger to resolution.    我们的悲伤变成了愤怒，愤怒变成了决心

        ·For glances beget ogles, ogles sighs sighs, wishes, wishes words, and words a letter.    眼色生媚眼，媚眼生叹息，愿望生叹息，愿望生言语，言语生一封信

        ·If you dream it, you can do it; if you do it, you can love it; if you love it, you can enjoy it; if you enjoy it, you can make it.    如果你有梦想，你就能做到;如果你做了，你就会爱上它;如果你爱它，你就能享受它;如果你喜欢，你就能做到

    ·refer to ...    提及 ...; 谈及 ... = mention .../speak of ...

        ·Please don’t refer to this matter again.    请不要再提这件事了

        ·refer to A as B    把 A 称为是 B

        ·Call A B       把 A 称为是 B

            ·... and others will call him 'Mr. Bloggs', not Alf.    其他人会叫他“布洛格斯先生”，而不是阿尔夫

            ·... and others will refer him as 'Mr. Bloggs', not Alf.

        ·address A as B    把 A 称为是 B

            ·Paul: I usually prefer Elizabeth's boyfriends to address me as Mr. Stevens    保罗:我通常更喜欢伊丽莎白的男朋友称呼我为史蒂文斯先生

        ·know A as B    把 A 称为是 B

            ·He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the ltalians as Giovanni Acuto.    他很快就出了名，意大利人都叫他乔瓦尼·阿库托

            ·Because of this, they were known as 'prizefighters'.    正因为如此，他们被称为“职业拳击手”

            ·He was known to us all as Dickie and his eccentricity had become legendary long before he died.    我们都称他为迪基，他的古怪行为早在他死前就已成为传奇

    ·for the simple reason = simply because

        ·介词 + 名词 + 同位语从句 = 普通从属连词 (只用在，作文，阅读)

            ·for the reason that ...

            ·because of the fact that ...

            ·due to the fact that ...

            ·on account of the fact that ...

                ·以上四个 = because ...

            ·in spite of the fact that ...

            ·despite the fact that ...

                ·以上两个 = although ...

                ·Despite the fact that the bottle is tinted a delicate shade of green, an observant visitor would soon notice that it is filled with what looks like a thick, grayish substance.    尽管瓶子呈淡绿色，但细心的参观者很快就会注意到瓶子里装的是一种看起来很厚的灰色物质

    ·造句练习：大熊猫常常被称为活化石(living fossil)，只不过因为它们在世界上已经生存了两亿多年了。

        ·Giant pandas are frequently referred to as 'living fossil' for the simple reason that they have lived on the earth for over 200 million years.

Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers. 

    ·Such is human nature     such放句首，需要部分倒装，be动词前置

    ·that 引导同位语从句，解释 such 人性是什么样的？

    ·nature n.    本性，天性

        ·Excuse me, nature calls.    对不起，本性在呼唤。nature calls 委婉的说法，表示要去上厕所

        ·He is kind by nature.    他生性善良。by nature 生性，天生地

    ·Such is human nature that ...    这就是人类的本性 ...

        ·Such is human nature that we all love to get something for nothing.    我们都喜欢不劳而获，这就是人性

            ·for nothing    免费地

        ·Such is human nature that we don’t treasure what we have until we lose it.    这就是人性，我们不珍惜我们所拥有的，直到我们失去它

            ·treasure vt.    珍惜            

        ·Human nature is such that a great many people ...    人性就是这样，很多人 ... (正常语序)

        ·The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop.    社会条件是这样的，技能必须支付，就像在商店里购买商品一样 (正常语序，如果表示强调 “这就是” 就可以把such放在句子的开头)

    ·be willing to do    愿意，乐意去做

        ·I shook my head and held up five fingers indicating that l was willing to pay £5.    我摇了摇头，伸出五个手指，表示我愿意付5英镑

        ·容易犯错的翻译类似的单词

            ·be ready to do    乐意，愿意做某事

                ·If your order is large enough we are ready to reduce our prices by 5%.    如果你方订货量大，我们准备降价5%

            ·be prepared to do    乐意，愿意做某事

                ·Why people are prepared to tolerate a four-hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond me.    我真搞不懂为什么人们愿意每天忍受四小时的长途跋涉，就为了能住在乡下这种值得怀疑的特权。

        ·与之相对的不愿意做某事

            ·be unwilling to do    不乐意做某事

            ·be reluctant to do    勉强，不情愿做某事

                ·Though he was reluctant to do so at first, we eventually persuaded him to take us.    虽然一开始他不愿意，但我们最终说服了他带我们去

    ·for the privilege of ...    为了 ... 的好处

This can give rise to curious situations, as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation.

    ·as 引导方式状语从句

    ·give rise to sth. (fml.)    导致 ...

        ·The president's absence gave rise to speculations about his health.    总统的缺席引起了人们对他健康状况的猜测

        ·其他表达导致的单词

            ·cause v.    导致

            ·effect v.     使发生；实现；引起

            ·result in    导致

            ·bring about    引起，导致

            ·lead to    导致

            ·contribute to    有助于，促进；促成某事物

            ·account for    解释    A 可以解释 B，

                ·Smoking accounts for cancer.    吸烟导致癌症

    ·in the case of    在 … 实例，案例下

        ·in case of ...    以防，假如某事会发生

        ·in the event of ...    万一某事会发生

            ·in case of/in the event of bad weather, the wedding wil be held indoors.    如果天气不好，婚礼将在室内举行

    ·as 用在工作职位前；for 用在工作的公司名称前 (正式场合不用 in 和 at)

        ·I work as an English teacher for New Oriental School.    我在新东方学校当英语老师

        ·Thank you very much for having offered me such a golden opportunity to work as an editor for Designs & Fashions, a best-selling magazine renowned for its extraordinary quality and taste.    非常感谢您给我提供这样一个千载难逢的机会，让我担任《设计与时尚》杂志的编辑。《设计与时尚》是一本以其卓越的品质和品味而闻名的畅销杂志

    ·本剧句型为：观点 + 例证

         · ... (观点)， as it did/does in the case of ... who ...       
    ·造句练习：压力(stress) 会导致精神上的一些疾病(mental diseases),正如在通用汽车公司(General Motors)工作的工程师 Mike Johnson 身上发生的情况一样。

        ·This can give rise to mental disease, as it did in the case of Mike Johnson who worked as a engineer for the General Motors.

When he got married, Alf was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job. 

    ·get married    结婚了        

        ·marry sb.    娶了某人，嫁给某人

        ·be married to sb.    被动嫁给某人

            ·The girl was married to me.    那个女孩嫁给了我

            ·The girl was engaged to me.    那个女孩和我订了婚

He simply told her that he worked for the Corporation. Every morning, he left home dressed in a smart black suit. 

    ·dressed in    方式状语

    ·be (dressed) in ...    穿着 ... 衣服 (被动)

        ·He was (dressed) in a smart black suit.    他穿着一套漂亮的黑色西装

    ·sb. wear sth.    (主动)

        ·He left home wearing a smart black suit.    他穿着一套漂亮的黑色西装离开了家

He then changed into overalls and spent the next eight hours as a dustman. 

    ·change  v. (out of ...) (into ...)    换衣服

        ·You'd better change out of the red jacket into a blue one.    你最好把那件红夹克换成一件蓝的 

    ·spent ... on sth./(in) doing    把时间花在 某事/做某事 上

        ·I spent a lot of money on food.    我在食物上花了很多钱

        ·I spent a lot of time on homework.    我在家庭作业上花了很多时间

        ·I spent a lot of time (in) learning English.    我花了很多时间学英语

        ·I spent my summer vacation in Hainan Province.    我的暑假是在海南省度过的

        ·I treasured every minute I spent with your family.    我珍惜和你们家人在一起的每一分钟

Before returning home at night, he took a shower and changed back into his suit.

动名词的时态和语态

时态\语态        主动                    被动

一般时             doing                   being done        (一般时，不强调动作发生的时间)

完成时             having done        having been done        (强调动作比谓语先发生)

    ·returning    主动去回家 (后发生)

    ·分辨动作的先后顺序

        ·After gazing at the display for several minutes, Mr. Taylor went back into his shop.    泰勒先生盯着陈列品看了几分钟后，又回到了他的店里    (gazing 先发生) (went back 后发生)

        ·Four days after setting out, while the Titanic was sailing across the icy waters of the North Atlantic, a huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a look-out.    起航四天后，泰坦尼克号正航行在北大西洋冰冷的海面上，了望员突然发现了一座巨大的冰山    (gazing 先发生)

        ·Ashamed of having acted so rashly, Dimitri apologized to Aleko for having accused him.    迪米特里为自己的鲁莽行为感到羞愧，他向阿列科道歉，因为他指责了他 (apologized 后发生) (having acted 和 having accesed 先发生)

        ·Pretending to speak seriously, one of the workmen asked if he might make a telephone call before being taken to the station.    其中一个工人装出严肃的样子，问他在被带到车站之前是否可以打个电话 (being taken 后发生) (make a telephone call 先发生)

        ·After having been wounded towards the end of the war, he had been sent to hospital and was separated from his unit.    战争快结束时，他负伤，被送进医院，与部队分离 (having been wounded 先发生) (had been sent 后发生)

    ·shower n.    淋浴

        ·bath n.    盆浴

 Alf did this for over two years and his fellow dustmen kept his secret.

    ·fellow adj.    和自己身份一样的人

        ·fellow actors    同行演员

        ·fellow students    同学

        ·fellow citizens    同胞

        ·fellow Chinese/Americans ...    中国/美国 同胞们

        ·The gaoler looked on eagerly, anxious to see if his fellow actor had at last learnt his lines.    狱卒急切地看着，急于想看看他的同伴是否终于学会了台词

        ·In so far as any inquiry is a secret one, it naturally limits all those engaged in carrying it out from effective contact with their fellow scientists either in other countries or in universities, or even, often enough, in other departments of the same firm.    任何一项研究都是秘密进行的，这自然限制了所有从事研究的人与其他国家、其他大学、甚至常常是同一公司其他部门的科学家同行进行有效接触

        ·We would lay less stress on 'facts and figures and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow citizens.    我们会减少对事实和数字的重视，而更多地注重良好的记忆力、应用心理学以及一个人与同胞相处的能力。

        ·And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.    因此，我的美国同胞们，不要问国家能为你们做些什么;问问自己能为国家做些什么

        ·表达同事的单词

            ·workmate n.    同事，工友

            ·colleague n.    同事，同僚

            ·associate n.    同事，伙伴

                ·One night, the gaoler decided to play a joke on his colleague to find out if, after so many performances he had managed to learn the contents of the letter by heart.    一天晚上，狱卒决定和他的同事开个玩笑，看看他在表演了这么多场之后，是否已经把信的内容记住了

 Alf’s wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and she never will, for Alf has just found another job. 

    ·that 引导宾语从句

    ·, for 引出原因状语从句

    ·has done    过去完成时，will    将来时。即过去的之前，现在到将来这个时间段

        ·I was, am and will be your friend.    我过去是，现在是，将来也会是你的朋友

He will soon be working in an office. 

    ·will be doing    将来完成时，表达一种可预见性

        ·Professor Wang will be taking charge of our department next Monday.    王教授下周一将负责我们系

He will be earning only half as much as he used to, but he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money. 

    ·as ... as ...    同级比较

        ·He will be earning only half as much as he used to (earn).

        ·英语中表达倍数的三种方式

            ·1.A is ... times as ... (比钱 much，比大小 big，比长度 long ... ) as B.    A 是 B 的多少倍    

                ·watermelons is ten times as big as apples.    西瓜是苹果的十倍大

            ·2.A is ... times the amount (the number, the size, the length, the width/breadth, the height, the value, the price, etc.) of B.    A 是 B ... 的多少倍

                ·watermelons is ten times the size of apples.    西瓜有苹果十倍大

            ·3.A is ... times 比较级 than B.    A 比 B ... ... 倍

                ·watermelons is ning times bigger than apples.    西瓜比苹果大九倍，西瓜是苹果的十倍大

            ·这个箱子是那个箱子四倍大。

                ·1.The box is four times as big as that one.

                ·2.The box is four times the size of that one.

                ·3.The box is three times bigger than that one.

    ·but 引出并列举

    ·that 引出宾语从句

    ·rise in    在某方面的提升

    ·be worth sth./doing    值得 某事/做，worth 当介词来使用，没有主动和被动的变化

        ·be worthy of sth./to do/to be done    值得 某事/做，worthy 是形容词，可以有主动和被动的变化

            ·The matter is worth consideration/considering.    这件事值得考虑

            ·The matter is worthy of consideration/to be considered.    这件事值得考虑 

From now on, he will wear a suit all day and others will call him 'Mr. Bloggs’, not 'Alf’.

    ·From now on    从今往后

    ·call sb. names    辱骂某人

        ·Stop calling my father names!    别骂我父亲!