【文献速递】【Nature】【2022年】【12月】
声明：本专栏主要对生命科学领域的一些期刊文章标题进行翻译，所有内容均由本人手工整理翻译。由于本人专业为生物分析相关，其他领域如果出现翻译错误请谅解。
全息虫洞
One challenge that stems from the fundamental incompatibility between general relativity and quantum mechanics is that there is no consensus on a theory of quantum gravity. A way to potentially overcome this is through the holographic principle, which says that a system involving gravity can be described by a lower-dimensional quantum system. In this week’s issue, Maria Spiropulu and her colleagues replicate the dynamics of a traversable holographic wormhole by experimentally realizing the corresponding quantum dynamics in a quantum computer using 9-qubits. This is an early step towards studying theories of quantum gravity in the laboratory. In the same quantum chip, the researchers created two entangled quantum systems. They inserted a qubit into one of them and observed the information emerging from the other exhibiting the expected gravitational properties of the traversable wormhole.
广义相对论和量子力学之间的根本不相容所带来的一个挑战是，对于量子引力理论还没有达成共识。一种可能克服这一问题的方法是通过全息原理，该原理表明涉及引力的系统可以用低维量子系统来描述。在本周的期刊中，Maria Spiropulu和她的同事通过使用9量子位在量子计算机中通过实验实现相应的量子动力学来复制可穿越全息虫洞的动力学。这是在实验室研究量子引力理论的早期步骤。在同一个量子芯片中，研究人员创建了两个纠缠的量子系统。他们将一个量子位插入其中一个，并观察从另一个出现的信息，这些信息展示了可穿越虫洞的预期引力特性。
The cover shows an artist’s impression of the rich ecosystem that existed in parts of northern Greenland some 2 million years ago. The ecosystem is reconstructed from ancient DNA in this week’s issue by Eske Willerslev and colleagues. Working at the Kap København Formation in Peary Land, the researchers gathered sediment samples rich in organic material from 5 different geological sites. By extracting and sequencing DNA from these samples, they were able to piece together a picture of the flora and fauna present around 2 million years ago. The team found evidence of open boreal forest mixed with Arctic species such as cedar, spruce and birch, as well as signs of animals including hares, mastodons, reindeer and geese. The evidence affirms that this part of Greenland, now a polar desert, was 11–17 °C warmer than it is today and suggests it was home to an ecosystem composition that no longer exists anywhere in the world.
封面展示了一位艺术家对大约200万年前格陵兰岛北部部分地区存在的丰富生态系统的印象。Eske Willerslev 及其同事在本周的一期杂志中根据古代DNA重建了生态系统。在Peary Land的Kap København地层工作，研究人员从 5 个不同的地质地点收集了富含有机物质的沉积物样本。通过从这些样本中提取DNA并对其进行测序，他们能够拼凑出大约200万年前存在的动植物群的图片。该团队发现了开放的北方森林与雪松、云杉和桦树等北极物种混合的证据，以及野兔、乳齿象、驯鹿和鹅等动物的迹象。证据证实，格陵兰岛的这一部分现在是极地沙漠，比现在温度高11-17 °C，并表明它是世界上任何地方都不再存在的生态系统组成的家园。
The cover shows clonal raider ants (Ooceraea biroi) tending to pupae and small larvae. Ants are social insects, and their colonies are complex biological systems with sophisticated communication, behaviour and cooperation. In this week’s issue, Daniel Kronauer and his colleagues reveal previously unnoticed social behaviour involving the immobile pupal stage in the insects’ life cycle. The researchers found that, just before hatching, the pupae secrete a nutrient-rich moulting fluid that is analogous to mammalian milk. This fluid is rapidly consumed by adult ants and young larvae, which the adults place on the pupae. The team notes that larvae unable to access the fluid show stunted growth and have a poor survival rate. Similarly, if the secretions aren’t removed from the pupae, they get fungal infections and die. The researchers also find that the fluid contains hormones and psychoactive substances that might influence the physiology and behaviour of the overall colony.
封面展示了克隆入侵者蚂蚁（Ooceraea biroi）正在孵化蛹和小幼虫。蚂蚁是社会性昆虫，它们的蚁群是复杂的生物系统，具有复杂的交流、行为和合作。在本周的期刊中，Daniel Kronauer和他的同事揭示了以前未被注意到的社会行为，这些行为涉及昆虫生命周期中不动的蛹阶段。研究人员发现，就在孵化之前，蛹会分泌一种营养丰富的蜕皮液，类似于哺乳动物的乳汁。这种液体会被成年蚂蚁和幼虫迅速消耗掉，然后被成年蚂蚁放在蛹上。该团队指出，无法接触液体的幼虫生长发育迟缓，存活率很低。同样，如果不从蛹中清除分泌物，它们就会感染真菌并死亡。研究人员还发现，液体中含有激素和精神活性物质，可能会影响整个群落的生理和行为。
As 2022 enters its final weeks, we look back on the past 12 months through the lens of Nature’s 10 — ten people who helped to shape science during the year. The cover takes its inspiration from the stunning images that have so far emerged from the James Webb Space Telescope. Launched on Christmas Day 2021, the telescope sent its first image back to Earth this summer and has since provided astronomers with views of the Universe in unprecedented detail.
随着2022年进入最后几周，我们通过《自然》杂志的10位人物——在这一年帮助塑造科学的十位人物——的镜头回顾过去12个月。封面的灵感来自詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜迄今出现的令人惊叹的图像。该望远镜于2021年圣诞节发射升空，今年夏天将其第一张图像发回地球，此后以前所未有的细节为天文学家提供了宇宙景观。
1.Fossil find suggests ancestral bird beak was mobile
化石发现表明祖先鸟喙是流动的
2.Rapid warming linked to leap in tropical ocean seasonality
快速变暖与热带海洋季节的飞跃有关
3.Uncoordinated protein coordinates cell migration
不协调的蛋白质坐标细胞迁移
4.Folate transporter offers clues for anticancer drugs
叶酸运输蛋白提供抗癌药物的线索
5.From the archive: a shared motivation for scientists, and mirages
来自档案：科学家的共同动机和幻影
6.A holographic wormhole traversed in a quantum computer
量子计算机中穿过的全息虫洞
7.Dendrocentric learning for synthetic intelligence
综合智能的树突为中心学习
8.Traversable wormhole dynamics on a quantum processor
量子处理器上的可遍历虫洞动力学
9.A photonic integrated continuous-travelling-wave parametric amplifier
光子集成连续行波参量放大器
10.An integrated imaging sensor for aberration-corrected 3D photography
一个用于像差校正的3D摄影的集成成像传感器
11.Discovery of chalcogenides structures and compositions using mixed fluxes
使用混合通量发现硫族化物结构和成分
12.A tape-reading molecular ratchet
胶带阅读分子棘轮
13.Quantifying the cost savings of global solar photovoltaic supply chains
量化全球太阳能光伏电源链节省的成本
14.Deglacial increase of seasonal temperature variability in the tropical ocean
热带海洋中季节性温度变化的冰川增加
15.Warm pool ocean heat content regulates ocean–continent moisture transport
温池海洋热含量调节海洋-大陆水分输送
16.Cretaceous ornithurine supports a neognathous crown bird ancestor
白垩纪鸟氨酸支持新颌冠鸟祖先
17.Single-cell genomic variation induced by mutational processes in cancer
癌症突变过程诱导的单细胞基因组变异
18.Muscles that move the retina augment compound eye vision in Drosophila
移动视网膜的肌肉增强了果蝇的复眼视力
19.Medin co-aggregates with vascular amyloid-β in Alzheimer’s disease
Medin在阿尔茨海默病中与血管淀粉样蛋白-β共聚集
20.Direct activation of a bacterial innate immune system by a viral capsid protein
通过病毒衣壳蛋白直接激活细菌先天免疫系统
21.Liver tumour immune microenvironment subtypes and neutrophil heterogeneity
肝肿瘤免疫微环境亚型和中性粒细胞异质性
22.MYC multimers shield stalled replication forks from RNA polymerase
MYC多聚体屏蔽RNA聚合酶停滞的复制叉
23.Structural principles of B cell antigen receptor assembly
B细胞抗原受体组件的结构原理
24.Structural basis of tankyrase activation by polymerization
聚合通过聚合激活的结构基础
25.Recognition of cyclic dinucleotides and folates by human SLC19A1
识别人类SLC19A1的环状二核苷酸和叶酸
26.When did mammoths go extinct?
猛犸象什么时候灭绝的？
27.Reply to: When did mammoths go extinct?
回复：猛犸象什么时候灭绝的？
28.Strange flashes linked to stars merging rather than dying
奇怪的闪光与恒星合并而不是死亡有关
29.Plastics can be a carbon sink but only under stringent conditions
塑料可以成为碳汇，但只有在严格的条件下
30.Speed of learning depends on turning
学习速度取决于转向
31.Driven quantum bits push computational limit
驱动的量子位推动计算极限
32.Swollen axons impair neuronal circuits in Alzheimer’s disease
肿胀的轴突会损害阿尔茨海默氏病的神经元电路
33.From the archive: statistical marvels, and the quest for insulin
来自档案：统计奇迹和对胰岛素的追求
34.A viral cocktail calms gut inflammation
病毒鸡尾酒平静肠道炎症
35.A kilonova following a long-duration gamma-ray burst at 350 Mpc
350Mpc的长时间伽马射线爆发后的千新星
36.A nearby long gamma-ray burst from a merger of compact objects
附近的长伽马射线从紧凑的物体合并中爆发
37.A long-duration gamma-ray burst with a peculiar origin
具有特殊起源的长时间伽马射线暴
38.Gigaelectronvolt emission from a compact binary merger
紧凑型二元合并的千兆电子伏特发射
39.Formation of robust bound states of interacting microwave photons
相互作用的微波光子的稳健结合状态的形成
40.Spin–orbit microlaser emitting in a four-dimensional Hilbert space
在四维希尔伯特空间中的自旋轨道微激光发射
41.Integrated femtosecond pulse generator on thin-film lithium niobate
铌酸锂薄膜上的集成飞秒脉冲发生器
42.Chiral assemblies of pinwheel superlattices on substrates
基板上风车超晶格的手性组装
43.Perovskite solar cells based on screen-printed thin films
基于屏幕打印薄膜的钙钛矿太阳能电池
44.Plastic futures and their CO2 emissions
塑料期货及其二氧化碳排放
45.Hydroclimatic vulnerability of peat carbon in the central Congo Basin
中央刚果盆地泥炭碳的氢化气候脆弱性
46.A 2-million-year-old ecosystem in Greenland uncovered by environmental DNA
环境DNA发现的一个200万历史的生态系统
47.THP9 enhances seed protein content and nitrogen-use efficiency in maize
THP9增强了玉米中种子蛋白含量和氮的利用效率
48.Common and rare variant associations with clonal haematopoiesis phenotypes
与克隆性造血表型的常见和稀有变体关联
49.The encoding of touch by somatotopically aligned dorsal column subdivisions
体表排列的背柱细分对触摸的编码
50.Dopamine promotes head direction plasticity during orienting movements
多巴胺在定向运动过程中促进头部方向可塑性
51.Filopodia are a structural substrate for silent synapses in adult neocortex
丝状虫是成人新皮层中静音突触的结构底物
52.PLD3 affects axonal spheroids and network defects in Alzheimer’s disease
PLD3影响阿尔茨海默氏病的轴突球体和网络缺陷
53.Ferroptosis of tumour neutrophils causes immune suppression in cancer
肿瘤嗜中性粒细胞的铁凋亡会导致癌症的免疫抑制
54.Colon tumour cell death causes mTOR dependence by paracrine P2X4 stimulation
结肠肿瘤细胞死亡导致旁分泌P2X4刺激导致mTOR依赖性
55.Molecular basis for selective activation of DREADD-based chemogenetics
选择性激活基于DREADD的化学遗传学的分子基础
56.A fluid role in ant society as adults give larvae ‘milk’ from pupae
当成年蚂蚁从蛹中给幼虫“牛奶”时，蚂蚁社会中的流动角色
57.Telltale loops bring news from the Galactic black hole
Telltale循环带来银河黑洞的消息
58.How a malaria parasite becomes a male
疟疾寄生虫如何变成男性
59.Twin techniques narrow search for elusive Majorana particles
孪生技术缩小了对难以捉摸的马约拉纳粒子的搜索范围
60.Herbivores drive scarcity of some nitrogen-fixing tropical trees
食草动物驱动一些固氮的热带树的稀缺性
61.From the archive: human memory, and fungal cultivation by ants
来自档案：人类记忆和蚂蚁的真菌种植
62.Cause of the 2020 surge in atmospheric methane clarified
大气甲烷的2020年激增的原因
63.How plant roots go with the flow
植物根系如何随波逐流
64.Brain borders at the central stage of neuroimmunology
神经免疫学的中心脑边界
65.A very luminous jet from the disruption of a star by a massive black hole
一颗恒星被大质量黑洞破坏后产生的非常明亮的射流
66.Disorder-assisted assembly of strongly correlated fluids of light
强烈相关的光流体的混乱辅助组装
67.Majorana-like Coulomb spectroscopy in the absence of zero-bias peaks
没有零偏峰的马约拉纳样库仑谱
68.Singlet and triplet Cooper pair splitting in hybrid superconducting nanowires
混合超导纳米线中的单线态和三线态库珀对分裂
69.Spin cross-correlation experiments in an electron entangler
电子纠缠器中的自旋互相关实验
70.Anomalous thermal transport under high pressure in boron arsenide
在高压下硼芳烃的异常热传输
71.Cumulative polarization in conductive interfacial ferroelectrics
导电界面铁电体中的累积极化
72.Enantioselective sensing by collective circular dichroism
集体圆二色性对映选择性传感
73.Wetland emission and atmospheric sink changes explain methane growth in 2020
湿地排放和大气下水道变化解释了2020年甲烷的生长
74.Widespread herbivory cost in tropical nitrogen-fixing tree species
热带固氮树种中广泛的草食成本
75.The pupal moulting fluid has evolved social functions in ants
蛹蜕皮液在蚂蚁中进化出社会功能
76.Genomic signature of Fanconi anaemia DNA repair pathway deficiency in cancer
癌症中范可尼贫血DNA修复通路缺陷的基因组特征
77.Patterned cPCDH expression regulates the fine organization of the neocortex
图案化的cPCDH表达调节新皮层的良好组织
78.Kinase signalling in excitatory neurons regulates sleep quantity and depth
兴奋性神经元中的激酶信号调节睡眠数量和深度
79.A signalling pathway for transcriptional regulation of sleep amount in mice
小鼠睡眠量转录调控的信号传导途径
80.A transcriptional switch controls sex determination in Plasmodium falciparum
转录开关控制恶性疟原虫中的性别确定
81.In vitro production of infectious Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites
感染性恶性疟原虫子孢子的体外产生
82.Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 isolates in rodents
啮齿动物中SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4和BA.5分离株的表征
83.A plant-derived natural photosynthetic system for improving cell anabolism
一种用于改善细胞合成代谢的植物衍生的自然光合系统
84.Ras drives malignancy through stem cell crosstalk with the microenvironment
Ras通过干细胞与微环境的串扰驱动恶性肿瘤
85.Structural variants drive context-dependent oncogene activation in cancer
结构变体驱动癌症中依赖上下文的癌基因激活
86.Gut microbes shape athletic motivation
肠道微生物塑造运动动力
87.Genetics and anatomy sculpt immune-cell partners of ovarian cancer
卵巢癌的遗传学和解剖学塑造免疫细胞伴侣
88.An energetic look at the life in logged forests
充满活力看待登录森林的生活
89.Molecular engineering enables bright blue LEDs
分子工程产生明亮的蓝色LED
90.A refined use of mutations to guide immunotherapy decisions
突变的精致使用来指导免疫疗法决策
91.X-rays reveal the magnetic field lighting up a stellar graveyard
X射线揭示了磁场点燃了一个恒星墓地
92.Bats, neuroimaging and the origins of life: a year of remarkable science
蝙蝠，神经影像和生命的起源：杰出科学的一年
93.Topological kagome magnets and superconductors
拓扑kagome磁铁和超导体
94.Vela pulsar wind nebula X-rays are polarized to near the synchrotron limit
Vela脉冲星风星云X射线被偏振到接近同步加速器极限
95.Distributed quantum sensing with mode-entangled spin-squeezed atomic states
具有模式纠缠自旋压缩原子态的分布式量子传感
96.Topological lattices realized in superconducting circuit optomechanics
超导电路光机械中实现的拓扑格
97.A membrane-based seawater electrolyser for hydrogen generation
氢生成的基于膜的海水电解剂
98.Synthesis-on-substrate of quantum dot solids
量子点固体的合成固定物
99.Additive manufacturing of micro-architected metals via hydrogel infusion
通过水凝胶输注的微构造金属的添加剂制造
100.Condensed-phase isomerization through tunnelling gateways
通过隧道网路冷凝期异构化
101.Strong cloud–circulation coupling explains weak trade cumulus feedback
强云环流耦合解释弱贸易积云反馈
102.Global hotspots of salt marsh change and carbon emissions
盐沼变动和碳排放的全球热点
103.Logged tropical forests have amplified and diverse ecosystem energetics
被砍伐的热带森林扩大了多样化的生态系统能量
104.Microbial predators form a new supergroup of eukaryotes
微生物捕食者形成了一个新的真核生物超群
105.Genetic diversity fuels gene discovery for tobacco and alcohol use
遗传多样性推动烟草和酒精使用的基因发现
106.A male germ-cell-specific ribosome controls male fertility
雄性生殖细胞特异性核糖体控制男性生育能力
107.Primate gastrulation and early organogenesis at single-cell resolution
单细胞分辨率下的灵长类动物胃和早期器官发生
108.A microbiome-dependent gut–brain pathway regulates motivation for exercise
微生物组依赖的肠-脑通路调节运动动机
109.Close relatives of MERS-CoV in bats use ACE2 as their functional receptors
蝙蝠中MERS-CoV的近亲,使用ACE2作为其功能受体
110.SARS-CoV-2 infection and persistence in the human body and brain at autopsy
尸检时人体和大脑中的SARS-COV-2感染和持久性
111.Decoupling of respiration rates and abundance in marine prokaryoplankton
海洋原核浮游生物呼吸率和丰度的解耦
112.Autoimmunity-associated T cell receptors recognize HLA-B*27-bound peptides
自身免疫相关的T细胞受体识别HLA-B*27边界肽
113.Ovarian cancer mutational processes drive site-specific immune evasion
卵巢癌突变过程驱动现场特异性免疫逃避
114.Human fetal cerebellar cell atlas informs medulloblastoma origin and oncogenesis
人类胎儿小脑细胞图谱揭示髓母细胞瘤起源和肿瘤发生
115.Structural insights into the mechanism of the sodium/iodide symporter
钠/碘化物同向转运体机制的结构洞察
116.Climate versus tectonics as controls on river profiles
气候与构造作为河流剖面的控制
117.Reply to: Climate versus tectonics as controls on river profiles
回复：气候与构造作为河流剖面的控制
118.Black carbon attribution
黑炭归属地
119.Reply to: Black carbon attribution
回复：黑炭归属地
